如何使用类正确定义对象？

Question

我是Python的新手。在来这里询问之前，我已经搜索了几个小时来了解为什么会发生这种情况。请帮助我理解如何正确使用类/对象。提前感谢您的帮助和耐心。

下面是错误

第46行，在

print("Brains："，hero.brains)

AttributeError：'Superhero‘对象没有'brains’属性

#Importing Random Module

import random

#create Superhero class

class Superhero():
    #initializing our class and setting its atrributes
    def _init_(self):
        self.superName = superName
        self.power = power
        self.braun = braun
        self.brains = brains
        self.stamina = stamina
        self.wisdom = wisdom
        self.constitution = constitution
        self.dexterity = dexterity
        self.speed = speed

# adding random values to each

braun = random.randint(1,20)
brains = random.randint(1,20)
stamina = random.randint(1,20)
wisdom = random.randint(1,20)
constitution = random.randint(1,20)
dexterity = random.randint(1,20)
speed = random.randint(1,20)


print("Please enter your Super Hero name: ")

# creating the super hero object
hero = Superhero()

# assigning a value to superName using the user's input
hero.superName = input('>')

# print the result of the created object, including its parameters

print("Your name is %s. " % (hero.superName))
print("Your new stats are: ")
print("")
print("Brains: ", hero.brains)
print("Braun: ", hero.braun)
print("Stamina: ", hero.stamina)
print("Wisdom: ", hero.wisdom)
print("Constitution: ", hero.constitution)
print("Dexterity: ", hero.dexterity)
print("Speed: ", hero.speed)
print("")

Answer 1

您需要告诉SuperHero()英雄的属性是什么。在类外部定义它们只会创建与类没有关系的变量。下面是我的建议：

hero = SuperHero(superName = input("Please enter your Super hero name:"),brains = random.randint(1,20)

然后，您可以打印出分配给刚才创建的对象"hero“的属性：

print("Your name is {}".format(hero.superName))

Answer 2

为了确认，这是你的完整代码吗？因为这里的问题很简单。您忘记将参数添加到类构造函数中。您为统计数据分配了随机数，但它们超出了对象范围，这意味着您的超级英雄不会访问这些变量，除非您将它们作为参数传递给您的构造函数。

有两种方法可以解决这个问题：

A)将它们作为参数传递到构造函数中，因此

class Superhero():
    #initializing our class and setting its atrributes
    def _init_(self, superName, power, braun, brains, stamina, wisdom, constitution, dexterity, speed):
        self.superName = superName
        self.power = power
        self.braun = braun
        self.brains = brains
        self.stamina = stamina
        self.wisdom = wisdom
        self.constitution = constitution
        self.dexterity = dexterity
        self.speed = speed

print("Please enter your Super Hero name: ")
superName = input('>')

power = random.randint(1,20)
braun = random.randint(1,20)
brains = random.randint(1,20)
stamina = random.randint(1,20)
wisdom = random.randint(1,20)
constitution = random.randint(1,20)
dexterity = random.randint(1,20)
speed = random.randint(1,20)

hero = Superhero(superName, power, braun, brains, stamina, wisdom, constitution, dexterity, speed)

然后你可以打印任何你想要的东西。

B)因为你的统计数据都是随机的，你可以告诉构造函数将它们分配给随机数，这会将你的代码缩短几行，但不会让你在创建对象时分配自己的统计数据，如下所示：

class Superhero():
    #initializing our class and setting its atrributes
    def _init_(self, superName):
        self.superName = superName
        self.power = random.randint(1,20)
        self.braun = random.randint(1,20)
        self.brains = random.randint(1,20)
        self.stamina = random.randint(1,20)
        self.wisdom = random.randint(1,20)
        self.constitution = random.randint(1,20)
        self.dexterity = random.randint(1,20)
        self.speed = random.randint(1,20)

print("Please enter your Super Hero name: ")
superName = input('>')

hero = Superhero(superName)