自定义计划程序有顺序+半顺序脚本与超时/杀死开关？

Question

下面是我的代码的一大部分，如果你向下滚动到execute_subscripts()函数，你可以看到我有两个通过execfile运行的脚本，它们运行得很好，它们显示了prints，它们将traceback错误保存到一个错误文件中。

我正在尝试将第二个脚本转换成一个在进入下一个脚本之前不等待自己完成的脚本。

如您所见，我试图使用subprocess和Popen一起启动一个无声的隐藏窗口.但是，它似乎没有运行，我也不知道如何正确地使用p.communicate()函数来检索tracebacks和/或prints。

I .也需要帮助创建某种超时/终止开关，因此如果一个下标(无论是通过Popen还是execfile路由)没有在5分钟内完成，它就可以跳过该循环，或者如果它立即再次失败，则重试并跳过。

我知道我可能不该在“时代”杂志上使用strftime .然而，这个部分对我来说很好，所以我不认为有必要改变它。

from datetime import date, timedelta
from sched import scheduler
from time import time, sleep, strftime
import random
import traceback
import subprocess

s = scheduler(time, sleep)
random.seed()

def periodically(runtime, intsmall, intlarge, function):

     ## Get current time
    currenttime = strftime('%H:%M:%S')

    ## If currenttime is anywhere between 23:40 and 23:50 then...
    if currenttime > '23:40:00' and currenttime < '23:50:00':

        ## Open the error logging file as the variable "errors"
        errors = open('MISC/ERROR(S).txt', 'a')

        ## Try to...
        try:
            ## Call the clear subscript.
            execfile("SUBSCRIPTS/CLEAR.py", {})
        ## On exception (fail)...
        except Exception:
            ## Write the entire traceback error to file...
            errors.write(traceback.format_exc() + '\n')
            errors.write("\n\n")

        ## Close and exit the error logging file. 
        errors.close()

        ## Update time
        currenttime = strftime('%H:%M:%S')

    ## Idle time
    while currenttime >= '23:40:00' and currenttime <= '23:59:59' or currenttime >= '00:00:00' and currenttime <= '11:30:00':

        ## Update time
        currenttime = strftime('%H:%M:%S')
        print currenttime, "Idling..."
        sleep(10)

        ## Update time
        currenttime = strftime('%H:%M:%S')

    ## Initiate the scheduler.
    runtime += random.randrange(intsmall, intlarge)
    s.enter(runtime, 1, function, ())
    s.run()

def execute_subscripts():

    st = time()
    print "Running..."
    errors = open('MISC/ERROR(S).txt', 'a')

    try: 
        execfile("SUBSCRIPTS/TESTSCRIPT.py", {})
    except Exception:
        errors.write(traceback.format_exc() + '\n')
        errors.write("\n\n")

    try: 
        execfile("SUBSCRIPTS/TEST.py", {})
    except Exception:
        errors.write(traceback.format_exc() + '\n')
        errors.write("\n\n")
##    subprocess.Popen(["pythonw", "SUBSCRIPTS/TEST.py", "0"], shell=True)

    try: 
        execfile("SUBSCRIPTS/TESTSCRIPTTest.py", {})
    except Exception:
        errors.write(traceback.format_exc() + '\n')
        errors.write("\n\n")

    try: 
        execfile("SUBSCRIPTS/TESTTESTTEST.py", {})
    except Exception:
        errors.write(traceback.format_exc() + '\n')
        errors.write("\n\n")

    errors.close()
    print """The whole routine took %.3f seconds""" % (time() - st)

while True:
    periodically(50, -25, +90, execute_subscripts)

任何想法都将不胜感激。

加上赏金，希望有人知道怎么做到这一点。

提前感谢

Hyflex

我希望剧本能做到的例子..。

1. 下标1--在后台运行，将打印和错误从下标1.py发送到main.py，不等待它完成，转到下标2，10秒后超时(或尽可能接近10秒，或者在调用所有下标后超时)。
2. 下标2--在后台运行，将打印和错误从下标2.py发送到main.py，等待它完成，然后进入下标3，超时在10秒后(或者尽可能接近10秒，或者在调用所有下标后超时)。
3. 下标3-在后台运行，将打印和错误从下标3.py发送到main.py，等待它完成，然后进入下标4，超时在10秒后(或者尽可能接近10秒，或者在调用所有下标之后超时)。
4. 下标4-在后台运行，将打印和错误从下标4.py发送到main.py，不等待它完成，转到下标5，10秒后超时(或者尽可能接近10秒，或者在调用所有下标之后超时)。
5. 下标5-在后台运行，将打印和错误从下标5.py发送到main.py，在进入下一个下标之前等待它完成(或者在本例中是结束循环)，超时在10秒后(或者尽可能接近10秒，或者在调用所有下标之后超时)。

用于shx2的打印和跟踪

[pid=9940] main running command: C:\Python27\python.exe SUB/subscript1.py (is_bg=False)
[pid=9940] main running command: C:\Python27\python.exe SUB/subscript1.py (is_bg=True)

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Test\main.py", line 21, in <module>
    bg_proc1 = run_subscript(cmd, is_bg = True)
  File "C:\Test\main.py", line 10, in run_subscript
    return (cmd > sys.stdout) & BG  # run in background
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\plumbum\commands\modifiers.py", line 81, in __rand__
    return Future(cmd.popen(), self.retcode)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\plumbum\commands\base.py", line 317, in popen
    return self.cmd.popen(args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\plumbum\commands\base.py", line 233, in popen
    return self.cmd.popen(self.args + list(args), **kwargs)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\plumbum\machines\local.py", line 104, in popen
    **kwargs)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\plumbum\machines\local.py", line 253, in _popen
    stderr = stderr, cwd = str(cwd), env = env, **kwargs)  # bufsize = 4096
  File "C:\Python27\lib\subprocess.py", line 703, in __init__
    errread, errwrite) = self._get_handles(stdin, stdout, stderr)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\subprocess.py", line 851, in _get_handles
    c2pwrite = msvcrt.get_osfhandle(stdout.fileno())
UnsupportedOperation: fileno

编辑：

​

             | --> # Sub 1.py # --> Sequential with timeout --> Started: 11:30.00 --> Estimated Completion: 11:30.01 (1 Second) --> Timeout at 11:30:10 (10 Seconds) --> # Sub 2.py # --> Sequential with timeout --> Started: 11:30.02 (or after time Sub 1.py's timeout) --> Estimated Completion: 11:30.03 (1 Second) --> Timeout at 11:30:13 (10 Seconds) --> # Sub 3.py # --> Sequential with timeout --> Started: 11:30.04 (or after time Sub 2.py's timeout) --> Estimated Completion: 11:30.08 (3 Seconds) --> Timeout at 11:30:18 (10 Seconds)
             |                                                                                                                                                  ^                                                                                                                                                                             ^
             |                                                                                                                                                  |                                                                                                                                                                             |
             | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                                                                                                                                                                             |
             | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |
Scheduler -->|
             | --> Sub 4.py --> Nonsequential with timeout --> Started: 11:30.00 --> Estimated Completion: 11:30.05 (5 Seconds) --> Timeout at 11:30:10 (15 Seconds)
             |
             | --> Sub 5.py --> Nonsequential with timeout --> Started: 11:30.00 --> Estimated Completion: 11:30.02 (2 Seconds) --> Timeout at 11:30:10 (10 Seconds)
             |
             | --> Sub 6.py --> Nonsequential with timeout --> Started: 11:30.00 --> Estimated Completion: 11:30.10 (10 Seconds) --> Timeout at 11:30:10 (25 Seconds)

希望这能帮助我更直观地表达我想要的东西

Answer 1

如果我理解了您想要做的事情，那么subprocess.Popen()就是最好的选择。下面是一个简单的类，我认为它可以提供您想要的所有功能：

from time import sleep
import subprocess
import datetime
import os

class Worker:

    def __init__(self, cmd):

        print datetime.datetime.now(), ":: starting subprocess :: %s"%cmd
        self.cmd = cmd
        self.log = "[running :: %s]\n"%cmd
        self.subp = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        self.start_time = datetime.datetime.now()

    def wait_to_finish(self, timeout_seconds = None):

        while True:
            retcode = self.subp.poll()
            if retcode is not None:
                self.get_process_output()
                self.log += "\n[subprocess finished, return code: %d]\n"%retcode
                print datetime.datetime.now(), ":: subprocess %s exited, retcode=%d"%(self.cmd, retcode)
                return
            else:
                # process hasn't finished yet
                sleep(1)
                if timeout_seconds is not None:
                    cur_time = datetime.datetime.now()
                    if (cur_time - self.start_time).seconds > timeout_seconds:
                        print datetime.datetime.now(), ":: subprocess %s :: killing after %d seconds"%(self.cmd, timeout_seconds)
                        self.kill()
                        return

    def still_running(self):
        return (self.subp.poll() is None)

    def kill(self):
        self.subp.terminate()
        self.get_process_output()
        self.log += "\n[subprocess killed by explicit request]\n"
        return

    def get_process_output(self):
        out, err = self.subp.communicate()
        self.log += out
        self.log += err

发出命令，类在后台启动它。然后，您可以在它完成时等待，并使用可选的超时(从已启动的时间进程中计算)。您可以获得流程输出，如果需要，可以显式地终止该流程。

下面是一个简单的例子，展示它的功能：

# Start two subprocesses in the background
worker1 = Worker([r'c:\python26\python.exe', 'sub1.py'])
worker2 = Worker([r'c:\python26\python.exe', 'sub2.py'])

# Wait for both to finish, kill after 10 seconds timeout
worker1.wait_to_finish(timeout_seconds = 10)
worker2.wait_to_finish(timeout_seconds = 10)

# Start another subprocess giving it 5 seconds to finish
worker3 = Worker([r'c:\python26\python.exe', 'sub3.py'])
worker3.wait_to_finish(timeout_seconds = 5)

print "----LOG1----\n" + worker1.log
print "----LOG2----\n" + worker2.log
print "----LOG3----\n" + worker3.log

分段1.py：

from time import sleep
print "sub1 output: start"
sleep(5)
print "sub1 output: finish"

第2.py分段：

print "sub2 output: start"
erroneous_command()

分3.py：

from time import sleep
import sys
print "sub3 output: start, sleeping 15 sec"
sys.stdout.flush()
sleep(15)
print "sub3 output: finish"

这是输出：

2013-11-06 15:31:17.296000 :: starting subprocess :: ['c:\\python26\\python.exe', 'sub1.py']
2013-11-06 15:31:17.300000 :: starting subprocess :: ['c:\\python26\\python.exe', 'sub2.py']
2013-11-06 15:31:23.306000 :: subprocess ['c:\\python26\\python.exe', 'sub1.py'] exited, retcode=0
2013-11-06 15:31:23.309000 :: subprocess ['c:\\python26\\python.exe', 'sub2.py'] exited, retcode=1
2013-11-06 15:31:23.310000 :: starting subprocess :: ['c:\\python26\\python.exe', 'sub3.py']
2013-11-06 15:31:29.314000 :: subprocess ['c:\\python26\\python.exe', 'sub3.py'] :: killing after 5 seconds
----LOG1----
[running :: ['c:\\python26\\python.exe', 'sub1.py']]
sub1 output: start
sub1 output: finish

[subprocess finished, return code: 0]

----LOG2----
[running :: ['c:\\python26\\python.exe', 'sub2.py']]
sub2 output: start
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "sub2.py", line 2, in <module>
    erroneous_command()
NameError: name 'erroneous_command' is not defined

[subprocess finished, return code: 1]

----LOG3----
[running :: ['c:\\python26\\python.exe', 'sub3.py']]
sub3 output: start, sleeping 15 sec

[subprocess killed by explicit request]

至于实现日程安排，我可以建议几个选项，但选择实际上取决于您的任务是什么：

1)如果可以在任何时间点指定精确的调度，则可以实现完全同步的调度程序：

while True:
    # check time
    # check currently running processes :: workerX.still_running()
    #   -> if some are past their timeout, kill them workerX.kill()
    # start new subprocesses according to your scheduling logic
    sleep(1)

2)如果您希望每10秒有几个定义良好的脚本序列，那么将每个序列放入自己的.py脚本(带有‘导入工作者’)，并每10秒启动所有序列，并定期检查哪些序列已退出以收集它们的日志。

3)如果您的序列是动态定义的，并且您更喜欢“触发和遗忘”方法，那么线程将是最好的方法。

Answer 2

正如您在问题中已经指出的，您实际上提出了两个不同的问题(在后台运行，并强制超时)。幸运的是，两者的简单答案是一样的：

使用 铅！

铅大大简化了python脚本中类似shell脚本的元素，并且除其他外，为在后台运行命令和执行超时提供了干净的接口。

下面是一个使用铅的例子。

在本例中，子进程都将运行相同的脚本-- subscript1.py。它做一些印刷，一些睡觉，有时它失败，随机。

订阅1.py

import os, sys, time, random
print '[pid=%s] STARTING %s' % (os.getpid(), sys.argv[0])
for i in range(3):
    t = random.randint(1,5)
    print '[pid=%s] sleeping for %s seconds' % (os.getpid(), t)
    time.sleep(t)
# fail randomly
if t == 5:
    raise RuntimeError('random error...')
print '[pid=%s] DONE %s' % (os.getpid(), sys.argv[0])

现在，下面的主要脚本main.py演示了如何在前台和后台运行子进程，包括超时和不超时，等待后台进程完成，以及处理子进程错误和超时。

main.py

import os, sys, time
from plumbum import FG, BG, ProcessExecutionError, ProcessTimedOut
from plumbum.cmd import python

cmd = python['subscript1.py']  # create the command to run (several times)

def run_subscript(cmd, is_bg = False):
    print '[pid=%s] main running command: %s (is_bg=%s)' % (os.getpid(), cmd, is_bg)
    if is_bg:
        return (cmd > sys.stdout) & BG  # run in background
    else:
        try:
            return cmd & FG  # run in foreground
        except ProcessExecutionError, e:
            print >>sys.stderr, e

# run a process in the foreground        
run_subscript(cmd, is_bg = False)

# run two processes in the background, and one in the foreground
bg_proc1 = run_subscript(cmd, is_bg = True)
time.sleep(1)
bg_proc2 = run_subscript(cmd, is_bg = True)
time.sleep(1)
run_subscript(cmd, is_bg = False)

# wait for the background processes to finish
for bg_proc in ( bg_proc1, bg_proc2 ):
    try:
        bg_proc.wait()
    except ProcessExecutionError, e:
        print >>sys.stderr, e

# run a foreground process, which will time out
print '[pid=%s] main running command: %s (will time out)' % (os.getpid(), cmd)
try:
    cmd.run(timeout = 2)
except ProcessTimedOut, e:
    # command timed out
    print >>sys.stderr, e
except ProcessExecutionError, e:
    # command failed (but did not time out)
    print >>sys.stderr, e

输出：

% python main.py
[pid=77311] main running command: /usr/local/bin/python subscript1.py (is_bg=False)
[pid=77314] STARTING subscript1.py
[pid=77314] sleeping for 1 seconds
[pid=77314] sleeping for 5 seconds
[pid=77314] sleeping for 3 seconds
[pid=77314] DONE subscript1.py
[pid=77311] main running command: /usr/local/bin/python subscript1.py (is_bg=True)
[pid=77316] STARTING subscript1.py
[pid=77316] sleeping for 5 seconds
[pid=77311] main running command: /usr/local/bin/python subscript1.py (is_bg=True)
[pid=77317] STARTING subscript1.py
[pid=77317] sleeping for 1 seconds
[pid=77311] main running command: /usr/local/bin/python subscript1.py (is_bg=False)
[pid=77317] sleeping for 5 seconds
[pid=77318] STARTING subscript1.py
[pid=77318] sleeping for 5 seconds
[pid=77316] sleeping for 2 seconds
[pid=77316] sleeping for 4 seconds
[pid=77317] sleeping for 5 seconds
[pid=77318] sleeping for 2 seconds
[pid=77318] sleeping for 3 seconds
[pid=77316] DONE subscript1.py
[pid=77318] DONE subscript1.py
Command line: ['/usr/local/bin/python', 'subscript1.py']
Exit code: 1
Stderr:  | Traceback (most recent call last):
         |   File "subscript1.py", line 13, in <module>
         |     raise RuntimeError('random error...')
         | RuntimeError: random error...
[pid=77311] main running command: /usr/local/bin/python subscript1.py (will time out)
('Process did not terminate within 2 seconds', ['/usr/local/bin/python', 'subscript1.py'])

编辑：

我现在意识到，我的示例代码并没有演示在后台运行命令并在其上强制执行超时。为此，只需使用cmd.bgrun(...)而不是cmd.run(...)。

您所得到的错误与重定向有关，并且必须与您在Windows上运行的事实有关。这要么是Windows上铅的可兼容性问题，要么是我的代码可能并不完美，也就是说，可能有另一种方法可以使用铅来使其工作。不幸的是，我没有窗户机器来测试它.

我希望这能帮到你。