Powershell 3.0中基于不同标准的文件移动

Question

我读过“https://stackoverflow.com/questions/ask/advice？Powershell Move-Item Rename If File Exists http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/scriptcenter/en-US/c347ce7a-3e23-4476-90c2-37b79785ac2f/moving-files-based-on-modified-date Powershell: Move Files recursively http://blogs.technet.com/b/heyscriptingguy/archive/2009/09/22/hey-scripting-guy-september-22-2009.aspx”和大约20多篇文章。

我很抱歉，虽然我喜欢学习脚本以及它提供的可能性，但是我对脚本一无所知。除了使用Windows的批处理文件之外，我以前的位置不需要我编写脚本。我最近接受了一个网络管理职位，我的主管让我编写一个脚本，根据几个标准来移动文件。我正在使用Powershell来完成这个任务。

1. 更新超过一天的文件被移动-not复制-从$path到$destination
2. 排除适用于必须保持不变的callpilot.dev
3. 必须移动位于源文件夹中的文件以及位于所有子文件夹中的文件。
4. 源文件夹结构必须保持原状。
5. 目标顶部文件夹必须包含实际日期减去1天。
6. 必须使用与源结构相同的名称创建所有子文件夹结构。
7. 剩余的源文件应被删除(callpilot.dev除外)

下面是我的测试文件夹结构：

    c:\temp\others\callpilot 
    c:\temp\others\ftps 
    c:\temp\others\mysql 
    c:\temp\others\rss-enterprise 
    c:\temp\others\rss-sql2k8 
    c:\temp\others\tree.txt 
    c:\temp\others\callpilot\example2.gz 
    c:\temp\others\callpilot\backup.gz 
    c:\temp\others\callpilot\barnak.bak 
    c:\temp\others\callpilot\callpilot.dev 
    c:\temp\others\callpilot\IPESystemBackup 131022 2000.bkp 
    c:\temp\others\ftps\www.123.com 
    c:\temp\others\ftps\www.123.com\backup-10.22.2013_00-00-08_123.tar.gz 
    c:\temp\others\ftps\www.123.com\backup-10.23.2013_00-00-08_123.tar.gz 
    c:\temp\others\ftps\www.123.com\backup-10.4.2013_00-00-07_123.tar.gz 
    c:\temp\others\mysql\sql.txt 
    c:\temp\others\rss-enterprise\enterprise.txt 
    c:\temp\others\rss-sql2k8\data 
    c:\temp\others\rss-sql2k8\data\New Bitmap Image.bmp 
    c:\temp\others\rss-sql2k8\data\New Journal Document.jnt 
    c:\temp\others\rss-sql2k8\data\New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx 
    c:\temp\others\rss-sql2k8\data\New Microsoft Visio Drawing.vsd

这是我的剧本：

$date = get-date 
$path = "C:\temp\others\*.*"
$destination = new-item "c:\temp\others\$($date.toshortdatestring().replace("/","-"))" -type directory
Foreach($file in (Get-ChildItem $path -file -recurse -exclude "callpilot.dev")) 
{ 
    If($file.LastWriteTime -gt (Get-Date).adddays(-1).date) 
    { 
        Move-Item -Path $file.fullname -Destination $destination 
    } 
}

我错过了6号和7号，你能帮我找到吗？

我收到你的回复了，谢谢。还是有些事情不正常。

这是我的剧本：

$date = get-date
$path = "C:\temp\others\*.*"
$destination = new-item "c:\temp\others\$($date.toshortdatestring().replace("/","-"))" -type directory

Foreach($file in (Get-ChildItem $path -file -recurse -exclude "callpilot.dev"))
{
    If($file.LastWriteTime -gt (Get-Date).adddays(-2).date)
{
        $destination += '\' + $file.DirectoryName.TrimStart($file.Directory.Root.ToString())
        New-Item $destination -Type Directory -ea SilentlyContinue
        Move-Item $file $destination
    } else {
        Remove-Item $file
}
}

文件被移动，但没有创建文件夹。错误是：

Method invocation failed because [System.IO.DirectoryInfo] doesn't contain a method named 'op_Addition'.
At C:\temp\organize_final222.ps1:9 char:9
+         $destination += '\' + $file.DirectoryName.TrimStart($file.Directory.Root ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (op_Addition:String) [], RuntimeException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : MethodNotFound

Method invocation failed because [System.IO.DirectoryInfo] doesn't contain a method named 'op_Addition'.
At C:\temp\organize_final222.ps1:9 char:9
+         $destination += '\' + $file.DirectoryName.TrimStart($file.Directory.Root ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (op_Addition:String) [], RuntimeException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : MethodNotFound

Method invocation failed because [System.IO.DirectoryInfo] doesn't contain a method named 'op_Addition'.
At C:\temp\organize_final222.ps1:9 char:9
+         $destination += '\' + $file.DirectoryName.TrimStart($file.Directory.Root ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (op_Addition:String) [], RuntimeException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : MethodNotFound

Method invocation failed because [System.IO.DirectoryInfo] doesn't contain a method named 'op_Addition'.
At C:\temp\organize_final222.ps1:9 char:9
+         $destination += '\' + $file.DirectoryName.TrimStart($file.Directory.Root ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (op_Addition:String) [], RuntimeException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : MethodNotFound

Method invocation failed because [System.IO.DirectoryInfo] doesn't contain a method named 'op_Addition'.
At C:\temp\organize_final222.ps1:9 char:9
+         $destination += '\' + $file.DirectoryName.TrimStart($file.Directory.Root ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (op_Addition:String) [], RuntimeException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : MethodNotFound

Method invocation failed because [System.IO.DirectoryInfo] doesn't contain a method named 'op_Addition'.
At C:\temp\organize_final222.ps1:9 char:9
+         $destination += '\' + $file.DirectoryName.TrimStart($file.Directory.Root ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (op_Addition:String) [], RuntimeException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : MethodNotFound

Method invocation failed because [System.IO.DirectoryInfo] doesn't contain a method named 'op_Addition'.
At C:\temp\organize_final222.ps1:9 char:9
+         $destination += '\' + $file.DirectoryName.TrimStart($file.Directory.Root ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (op_Addition:String) [], RuntimeException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : MethodNotFound

Method invocation failed because [System.IO.DirectoryInfo] doesn't contain a method named 'op_Addition'.
At C:\temp\organize_final222.ps1:9 char:9
+         $destination += '\' + $file.DirectoryName.TrimStart($file.Directory.Root ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (op_Addition:String) [], RuntimeException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : MethodNotFound

Method invocation failed because [System.IO.DirectoryInfo] doesn't contain a method named 'op_Addition'.
At C:\temp\organize_final222.ps1:9 char:9
+         $destination += '\' + $file.DirectoryName.TrimStart($file.Directory.Root ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (op_Addition:String) [], RuntimeException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : MethodNotFound

Move-Item : Cannot create a file when that file already exists.
At C:\temp\organize_final222.ps1:11 char:9
+         Move-Item $file $destination
+         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo          : WriteError: (C:\temp\others\...sio Drawing.vsd:FileInfo) [Move-Item], IOException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : MoveFileInfoItemIOError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.MoveItemCommand

Method invocation failed because [System.IO.DirectoryInfo] doesn't contain a method named 'op_Addition'.
At C:\temp\organize_final222.ps1:9 char:9
+         $destination += '\' + $file.DirectoryName.TrimStart($file.Directory.Root ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (op_Addition:String) [], RuntimeException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : MethodNotFound

我把你的台词插入到正确的地方了吗？

Answer 1

您可以使用$file.DirectoryName.TrimStart($file.Directory.Root.ToString())获得没有驱动器名的源folderpath，因此这将处理#6：

$destination += '\' + $file.DirectoryName.TrimStart($file.Directory.Root.ToString())
New-Item $destination -Type Directory -ea SilentlyContinue
Move-Item $file $destination

几个注意事项：

• 第一行将原始路径(不包括驱动器号)附加到$destination。
• 如果目标目录不存在，则第二行创建目标目录。如果目标目录已经存在，-ea SilentlyContinue将阻止它发出抱怨。你可以肛交做if (! (Test-Path $destination)) {New-Item ...，但我认为那是浪费时间。
• 您可以省略参数名称、-Path、和，因为它们是由位置所暗示的(谷歌"powershell位置参数“以获得更多信息)。
• 您不需要读取FullName属性。如果向字符串参数提供非字符串参数，PowerShell将自动对参数调用ToString()方法。因此，Move-Item $file $dest与Move-Item $file.ToString() $dest相同，调用FileInfo对象上的ToString()方法会给出FullName属性(这是由对象类定义指定的)。这似乎是个小问题，但一旦你习惯了，你会发现自己做的不必要的打字要少得多。一般规则是，如果从直觉上看它似乎应该工作，那么它很可能会工作(正如在直觉中一样，您应该能够告诉它移动一个文件对象，而不需要做任何花哨的事情，比如指定对象的属性--所以您可以这样做)。

对于#7，只需添加一个else子句来删除与条件不匹配的源文件：

if ($file.LastWriteTime -gt (Get-Date).AddDays(-1).Date) {
  Move-Item $file "$destination\$($file.DirectoryName.TrimStart($file.Directory.Root.ToString()))"
} else {
  Remove-Item $file
}

为了安全起见，我建议使用Remove-Item -WhatIf $file进行测试，以确保您得到了所需的结果。更好的方法是在脚本开始时声明[CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess=$true)]，并使用-WhatIf运行整个脚本，但这可能比您现在想要的更高级。重要的是，在让脚本进行大量不可逆转的更改之前，始终要进行一次无损测试。