blocks|key|260195|text|集中式：所有计算都是在一台特定计算机(系统)上完成的。示例:您有一个用于计算数据的专用服务器。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|BOLD|entityRanges|data|260196|分布式：计算分布在多台计算机上。当你有大量的数据时，你就可以将其分割，并将每个部分发送到特定的计算机，这些计算机将为它们进行计算。|260197|entityMap^0|0|3|0|0|3|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|J|8|@$9|K|A|L|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|M|8|@$9|N|A|O|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|I|$]]

Centralized: all calculations are done on one particular computer (system). Example: you have a dedicated server for calculating data.

Distributed: the calculation is distributed to multiple computers. Example: when you have a large amount of data then you can divide it and send each part to particular computers which will make the calculations for their part.

blocks|key|260434|text|集中式|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|BOLD|entityRanges|data|260435|80年代末的集中式多处理器并行architecture.In系统逐渐被分布式系统所取代。|260436|集中式系统的特点|260437|非自治分量|unordered-list-item|260438|通常均质技术|260439|多个用户在任何时候都共享同一资源。|260440|单控制点|260441|单点失效|260442|260443|260444|分布式|260445|在一台或多台计算机上执行的一组紧密耦合的程序，这些程序通过网络互连并协调它们的动作。这些程序彼此了解，并执行无人能单独执行的任务。|260446|分布式系统的特点|260447|自主部件|260448|主要使用异构技术构建|260449|系统组件可以完全使用。|260450|并发进程可以执行|260451|多点失效|260452|260453|260454|分布式系统需求|260455|可伸缩性-添加新主机的可能性|ordered-list-item|260456|开放性--易于扩展和修改|260457|异构-支持各种H/W+S/w平台|260458|资源共享-+H/w、S/W和数据|260459|容错-即使发生故障也能正常工作。|260460|260461|260462|entityMap^0|0|3|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|3|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1V|8|@$9|1W|A|1X|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|1Y|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|1Z|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|L|7|20|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|L|7|21|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|L|7|22|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|L|7|23|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|S|3|T|5|L|7|24|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|U|3|-4|5|6|7|25|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|V|3|-4|5|6|7|26|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|W|3|X|5|6|7|27|8|@$9|28|A|29|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|Y|3|Z|5|6|7|2A|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|10|3|11|5|6|7|2B|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|12|3|13|5|L|7|2C|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|14|3|15|5|L|7|2D|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|16|3|17|5|L|7|2E|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|18|3|19|5|L|7|2F|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|1A|3|1B|5|L|7|2G|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|1C|3|-4|5|6|7|2H|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|1D|3|-4|5|6|7|2I|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|1E|3|1F|5|6|7|2J|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|1G|3|1H|5|1I|7|2K|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|1J|3|1K|5|1I|7|2L|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|1L|3|1M|5|1I|7|2M|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|1N|3|1O|5|1I|7|2N|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|1P|3|1Q|5|1I|7|2O|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|1R|3|-4|5|6|7|2P|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|1S|3|-4|5|6|7|2Q|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|1T|3|-4|5|6|7|2R|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|1U|$]]

Centralized

A system with centralized multiprocessor parallel architecture.In the late 1980 s Centralized systems have been progressively replaced by distributed systems.

characteristics of centralized system 

<ul>
<li>Non autonomous components</li>
<li>usually homogeneous technology</li>
<li>Multiple users share the same resources at all time</li>
<li>single point of control</li>
<li>single point of failure</li>
</ul>

Distributed

set of tightly coupled programs executing on one or more computers which are interconnected through a network and coordinating their actions. These programs know about one another and carry out tasks that none could carry out in isolation

characteristics of distributed system

<ul>
<li>autonomous components</li>
<li>Mostly build using heterogeneous technology</li>
<li>System components may be used exclusively</li>
<li>Concurrent processes can execute</li>
<li>Multiple point of failure</li>
</ul>

Requirement of distributed system

<ol>
<li>Scalability- possibility of adding new hosts</li>
<li>openness- easily extended and modified</li>
<li>Heterogeneity-supports various H/W S/w platforms</li>
<li>Resource sharing- H/w, S/W and data</li>
<li>fault tolerance- ability to function correctly even if faults occur</li>
</ol>

blocks|key|1353382|text|主要的基本区别是：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1353383|远程系统没有全局状态。|unordered-list-item|1353384|没有共享内存|1353385|没有共享变量|1353386|1353387|1353388|1353389|1353390|​|1353391|远程系统没有共享的时钟。|1353392|因此，事件的顺序是困难的。|1353393|1353394|1353395|1353396|1353397|1353398|远程系统可以具有竞争条件，|1353399|竞赛条件参见condition|offset|length|1353400|1353401|1353402|1353403|1353404|1353405|因此，在不可信的环境中“计算”是非常困难的。你有关于编程模型或其他什么的具体问题吗？|1353406|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_condition^0|0|1|1|1|1|0|0|0|0|1|1|1|0|0|0|0|1|6|9|0|1|1|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|1J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|E|3|F|5|D|7|1K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|G|3|H|5|D|7|1L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|1M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|-4|5|6|7|1N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|1O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|-4|5|6|7|1P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|1Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|D|7|1R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|D|7|1S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|S|3|-4|5|6|7|1T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|T|3|-4|5|6|7|1U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|U|3|-4|5|6|7|1V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|V|3|-4|5|6|7|1W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|W|3|N|5|6|7|1X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|X|3|Y|5|D|7|1Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Z|3|10|5|D|7|1Z|8|@]|9|@$11|20|12|21|1|22]]|A|$]]|$1|13|3|-4|5|6|7|23|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|14|3|-4|5|6|7|24|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|15|3|-4|5|6|7|25|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|16|3|-4|5|6|7|26|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|17|3|N|5|6|7|27|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|18|3|19|5|6|7|28|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|1A|3|-4|5|6|7|29|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|1B|$1C|$5|1D|1E|1F|A|$1G|1H]]]]

Main basic differences are:

<ul>
<li>distrib-systems have no global state 
<ul>
<li>no shared memory</li>
<li>no shared variables</li>
</ul></li>
<li>distrib-systems have no shared time clock 
<ul>
<li>therefore order of events is difficult</li>
</ul></li>
<li>distrib-systems can have race conditions
<ul>
<li>race conditions see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_condition" rel="nofollow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_condition</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>

So "computing" in a distrubuted environment is very difficult. Do you have concret question about programing models or whatever?

blocks|key|1353414|text|集中式系统|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|BOLD|entityRanges|data|1353415|在集中式系统中，几个工作是在特定的中央处理单元(CPU)上完成的|1353416|分布式系统|1353417|在分布式系统中，作业分布在几个processor.The处理器之间，由计算机网络互连|1353418|(Sheheryar，NUML)|1353419|entityMap^0|0|5|0|0|0|5|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@$9|Q|A|R|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|S|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|T|8|@$9|U|A|V|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|W|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|6|7|X|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|N|3|-4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|O|$]]

Centralized Systems

"In Centralized Systems,several jobs are done on a particular central processing unit(CPU)"

Distributed Systems

"In Distributed Systems,jobs are distributed among several processor.The Processor are interconnected by a computer network" 

(Sheheryar ,NUML)

blocks|key|253872|text|简单地说，如其名称所描述的那样，集中式计算只涉及一台服务器。特定的操作是在这个服务器位置而不是其他地方进行的。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|253873|分布式计算是在系统需求相当大的情况下进行的，任务被分配到多个处理器上，然后将解决方案组合在一起，同时铭记处理器是通过计算机网络互连的。|253874|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

Briefly, Centralized computing, as the name itself depicts, is concerned with just a single server. The particular operation is being held at this server location and nowhere else. 

Distributed computing is held where the system requirement is quite large, and the job is distributed to several processors and the solutions are then combined together, keeping in mind that the processors are interconnected by a computer network.

blocks|key|260382|text|集中式系统：是一个在中央位置进行计算的系统，它使用与中央计算机相连的终端(主机和转储终端)，所有的计算都是通过终端在主机上完成的。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|BOLD|entityRanges|data|260383|distributed+system+：是一组独立的计算机，在其用户看来是一个独立的系统，其中硬件是由n个处理元素(处理器和内存)组成的分布式系统，软件也是分布式的，其中没有集中的os+--每个处理元素都有自己的os，没有物理集中的文件系统，也没有通过底层消息传递的进程间通信。|260384|：主要的区别是可靠性。在分布式系统中，如果一台机器崩溃，整个系统仍然可以生存。|260385|entityMap^0|0|5|0|0|J|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@$9|M|A|N|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|O|8|@$9|P|A|Q|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|R|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|J|3|-4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|K|$]]

centralized system:is a system which computing is done at central location using terminals attached to central computer in brief (mainframe and dump terminals all computation is done on the mainframe through terminals )

distributed system:is a collection of independent computers that appear to its users as single coherent system where hardware is distributed consisting of n processing elements (processor and memory )also software is distributed where no centralized os each processing element has its own os ,no physically centralized file system and inter-process communication via message passing at lowest level

Big Note:the main differences is reliability. in distributed system if one machine crashes,the system as a whole can still survive

blocks|key|260410|text|在所有仲裁方法中，除了最简单的系统外，多个模块可能需要对总线进行控制。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|260411|集中式方案中的是一个单独的硬件设备，称为总线控制器或仲裁器，负责在总线上分配时间。|offset|length|style|BOLD|260412|在分布式方案中，没有中央控制器。相反，每个模块都包含访问控制逻辑，各模块共同作用以共享总线。|260413|entityMap^0|0|5|2|0|0|6|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|M|8|@$D|N|E|O|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|P|8|@$D|Q|E|R|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|-4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|K|$]]

METHOD OF ARBITRATION In all but the simplest systems, more than one module may
need control of the bus.

In a centralized scheme, a single hardware device, referred to as a bus controller or arbiter, is responsible for allocating time on the bus.

In a distributed scheme, there is no central controller. Rather, each module contains access
control logic and the modules act together to share the bus.

blocks|key|253946|text|在集中式系统中，如果服务器发生故障，它会影响整个系统，因为服务器在D.S系统中控制整个操作，如果系统发生故障，则不会影响其他计算机的操作，因为它们是独立的和分布在操作中的。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|253947|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

in centralized system in case the server fails it affects the whole system because the server controls the whole operation
in D.S system incase a system fails it doesn't affect the operations of the other computers because they are independent and distributed in operations

blocks|key|1353535|text|让我们试着用一个例子来理解这一点。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1353536|假设你带着一大笔钱。你在一列拥挤的火车上，在那里你的口袋可能被捡起来，你可能会赔钱。携带金钱的理想策略是什么？|1353537|把所有的钱都放在一个口袋里:在这种情况下，你很容易把钱放在口袋里，然后就可以完成了。当你回家的时候，你可以从口袋里掏出钱来数一数。但是等等。如果你的口袋被偷了呢？你损失了所有的钱(破产了？)啊！)。似乎把所有的钱都放在一个口袋里并不是最好的主意。让我们想想我们还能做些什么来分配你的钱:把一些放在左边的口袋里，把一些放在右边的口袋里，也许把一些放进你的包里(这是一个有限的容量)。你得想个办法把钱分给你。而且，当你回家时，你将不得不花时间从不同的口袋收集钱，并在一个地方收集它。然而，我们现在的情况更好了。如果我们的一个口袋(或袋子)被选中，我们不会损失所有的钱。您的包，左口袋和右口袋的机会，所有被挑选是相当低的。只要分期付款，你现在就可以避免损失你所有的钱。这不是更好吗？这就是分布式系统的工作方式。他们把信息(在你的情况下是钱)分给不同的机器(我们的口袋和袋子)。这样，如果有一台机器坏了，我们就不会有什么大损失了。也就是说，我们没有一个单一的失败点。|1353538|分布式系统实现的另一件重要的事情是数据复制。他们把相同信息的复制品放在多台机器上。这样，如果其中一台机器坏了，我们就不会丢失信息。所以，我们现在有了一个叫做容错的东西。|1353539|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|I|$]]

Let us try to understand this with an example.

Say you are carrying a large amount of money. You are in a crowded train, where your pocket may be picked and you might lose money. What is the ideal strategy for carrying money?

Put all money in a single pocket: In this case, it is easy for you to just put the money in the pocket and be done. When you go back home, you can simply take out money from the pocket and count it. But wait. What if your pocket is picked? You lose ALL the money (bankrupt? eh!). Seems like it is not the best idea to store all the money in a SINGLE pocket. Let us think what else we can do
Divide your money: Put some of it in the left pocket, put some in the right pocket and maybe put some in your bag (which has a limited capacity). You need to devise a strategy to divide the money with you. Also, when you go back home, you will have to spend time collecting money from different pockets and collecting it at one place. However, we are in a better situation now. If one of our pocket (or bag) is picked, we do not lose ALL of the money. The chances of your bag, left pocket and the right pocket, all being picked is fairly low. With a little overhead of dividing money, you can now avoid losing all of your money. Isn’t that better?
This is how distributed systems work. They divide the information (money in your case) and keep it on different machines (pockets and bags for us). This way if one of the machine goes down, we are not at a big loss. That is, we do not have a single point of failure

Another important thing that distributed systems implement is data replication. They put replicas of same information in multiple machines. This way, if one of the machines goes down, we do not lose the information. So, we now have something called as fault tolerance.

Can anyone tell me the differences between centralized and distributed computing?

Difference between centralized and distributed computing

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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功能2上新100个字符功能2上新100个字符功能2上新100个字符功能2上新100个字符功能2上新100个字符功能2上新100个字符功能2上新100个字符功能2上新100个字符功能2上新100个字符。

功能5描述100个字符功能5描述100个字符功能5描述100个字符功能5描述100个字符功能5描述100个字符功能5描述100个字符

功能5上新100个字符功能5上新100个字符功能5上新100个字符功能5上新100个字符功能5上新100个字符功能5上新100个字符功能5上新100个字符功能5上新100个字符功能5上新100个字符功能5上新100个字符

功能4上新

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有人能告诉我集中式计算和分布式计算之间的区别吗？

问集中式计算与分布式计算的区别
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回答 9

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回答 9

Stack Overflow用户

Stack Overflow用户

Stack Overflow用户

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圈层

关于

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问集中式计算与分布式计算的区别
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