我一直试图用回溯来解决N皇后问题。我在网上发现的大多数方法都涉及向量,这使得我很难像互联网上的一些小程序那样可视化解决方案。
我想出的解决方案是给我很多问题(我觉得这些问题与使用的动态2D数组索引有关),我无法用Dev-C++ debugger.Any帮助和/或建设性的批评来解决这个问题。在此之前,非常感谢您。
以下是我想出的解决方案:
#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
#include<conio.h>
using namespace std;
void display(char** b, int len);
void initialize(char** &b, int k);
void consider1strow(char ** b, int len);
void markunsafe(char** board, int rowno, int colno);
void marksafe(char** board, int rowno, int colno);
void considerrow(char** board, int rowno);
void backtrack(char** board, int rowno);
bool checksafety(char** board, int rowno, int colno);
void place(char** board, int rowno, int colno);
void solve(char** board, int len);
int state[20] = { 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 };
int len;
void display(char** board, int len)
{
int i, j;
cout << endl << "The current state of the board:" << endl;
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < len; j++)
{
cout << board[i][j];
}
cout << endl;
}
}
void initialize(char** &b, int k)
{
int i, j;
//create dynamic board
b = new char*[k];
for (i = 0; i < k; i++)
{
b[i] = new char[k];
}
//initialize array
for (i = 0; i < k; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < k; j++)
{
b[i][j] = '-';
}
}
}
void consider1strow(char ** board, int len)
{
int col;
cout << "Enter the column to try for the first row!";
cin >> col;
board[0][col - 1] = 'Q';
state[0] = col - 1;
markunsafe(board, 0, col - 1);
display(board, len);
}
void markunsafe(char** board, int rowno, int colno)
{
int i, j;
//mark row as unsafe
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
board[rowno][i] = 'x';
}
//mark column as unsafe
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
board[i][colno] = 'x';
}
//mark unsafe diagonals
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < len; j++)
{
if ((rowno + colno) == (i + j))
{
board[i][j] = 'x'; //check if index gives a problem of +/- 1
}
if ((rowno - colno) == (i - j))
{
board[i][j] = 'x'; //check if index gives a problem of +/- 1
}
}
}
board[rowno][colno] = 'Q';
}
void marksafe(char** board, int rowno, int colno)
{
int i, j;
//mark row as safe
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
board[rowno][i] = '-';
}
//mark column as unsafe
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
board[i][colno] = '-';
}
//mark unsafe diagonals
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < len; j++)
{
if ((rowno + colno) == (i + j))
{
board[i][j] = '-'; //check if index gives a problem of +/- 1
}
if ((rowno - colno) == (i - j))
{
board[i][j] = '-'; //check if index gives a problem of +/- 1
}
}
}
}
void considerrow(char** board, int rowno)
{
bool safe = 0;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
safe = checksafety(board, rowno, i);
if (safe && (i >= state[rowno]))
{
break;
}
}
if (safe && (i >= state[rowno]))
{
place(board, rowno, i);
}
else if (!safe)
{
backtrack(board, rowno);
}
}
void backtrack(char** board, int rowno)
{
marksafe(board, rowno - 2, state[rowno - 2]);
considerrow(board, rowno);
}
bool checksafety(char** board, int rowno, int colno)
{
if (rowno == 0)
{
return 1;
}
else if (board[rowno][colno] == 'x')
{
return 0;
}
else if (board[rowno][colno] == '-')
{
return 1;
}
}
void place(char** board, int rowno, int colno)
{
board[rowno][colno] = 'Q';
state[rowno] = colno;
markunsafe(board, rowno, colno);
}
void solve(char** board, int len)
{
int i = 0;
if (i == len)
{
display(board, len);
}
else
{
consider1strow(board, len);
for (i = 1; i < len; i++)
{
considerrow(board, i);
}
}
}
int main()
{
char** board;
cout << "Enter the size of the board!";
cin >> len;
initialize(board, len);
solve(board, len);
getch();
}发布于 2013-10-13 14:20:48
它在初始配置之后运行,但您没有打印它。更改此(内部解决):
for(i=1;i<len;i++)
{considerrow(board,i);}为此:
for(i=1; i<len; i++) {
considerrow(board,i);
display(board,len);
}除此之外,你回溯的方式也有问题。如果没有可用的选项,则将皇后从前一行中移除(这是可以的),然后将其攻击的每个单元标记为安全(不确定)。问题是这些细胞中的一些可能受到不同女王的攻击,所以你不能将它们标记为安全。而且,你不能在那一行上放一个不同的皇后。我提出了一些解决办法:
首先,让它是递归的:considerrow会用下一行调用自己,如果成功返回true (1),如果失败返回false (0)。如果下一行失败,则可以使用当前行中的下一个皇后并再次调用considerrow,直到成功或列用完为止,在这种情况下返回false。
若要考虑某一行上的不同皇后,您可以做两件事:创建板的副本,然后将其传递给下一行的considerrow (因此保留“先”复制以尝试不同的皇后),或者将每个单元格标记为安全,然后检查所有现有的皇后标记单元格不安全。
编辑:
为了使它是递归的,我们将使用下一个值使considerrow调用自己。
bool considerrow(char** board,int rowno) {
//Print the board
display(board,len);
bool safe=0;
int i;
for(i=0; i<len; i++) {
safe=checksafety(board,rowno,i);
if(safe) {
place(board,rowno,i);
//Is this the last row? If so, we suceeded
if (rowno==len-1) return 1;
//Call itself with next row, check if suceeded
if (considerrow(board,rowno+1))
return 1;
else //Failed, try a different row
backtrack(board,rowno);
}
}
return 0; //If we got here, then we ran out of colums. Return failure
}回溯函数可以修改为还原当前行,如下所示:
void backtrack(char** board, int rowno) {
//Clear the current row
marksafe(board,rowno,state[rowno]);
//Check that every cell attacked by another queen is marked unsafe
for(int i=0; i<rowno; i++) markunsafe(board,i,state[i]);
}这样做,解决方案只需要调用第一行:
void solve(char** board,int len) {
considerrow(board,0);
display(board,len);
}https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19345908
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