如何在awk脚本中使用正则表达式？

Question

嗨，我正在做一个脚本，给我一个新闻组活动的摘要。到目前为止，除了我尝试使用匹配运算符来查看这个$6字段是否与表达式匹配外，它大部分都能工作。我想把所有的戒指都放在一段下面。我的脚本就是这样的：

newsread.awk：

BEGIN{
print "\t\t\tNews Reader Summary\n\n"
printf("               %-15s%-15s%-15s%-15s\n\n","lonestar","runner","ringer","rings"); 
articles[4];
groups[4];
times[4];
cs2413[4];cs2413d[4];
}

NR == 1 {date1 = $1 " " $2 " " $3}

$6 == "lonestar.jpl.utsa.edu"{
    if ($7=="group"){
        articles[1]+=$9;
        if ($8=="utsa.cs.2413"){
            cs2413[1]+=$9;
        }
        if ($8=="utsa.cs.2413.d"){
            cs2413d[1]+=$9;
        }
    }else if ($7 == "exit"){
        articles[1]+=$9;
        groups[1]+=$11;
    }else {
        times[1]+=$13;
    }
}

$6 == "runner.jpl.utsa.edu"{
    if ($7=="group"){
                articles[2]+=$9;
         if ($8=="utsa.cs.2413"){
                        cs2413[2]+=$9;
                }
                if ($8=="utsa.cs.2413.d"){ 
                        cs2413d[2]+=$9;
                }

        }else if ($7 == "exit"){
                articles[2]+=$9;
                groups[2]+=$11;
        }else {
                times[2]+=$13;
        }

}

$6 == "ringer.cs.utsa.edu"{
    if ($7=="group"){
                articles[3]+=$9;
         if ($8=="utsa.cs.2413"){
                        cs2413[3]+=$9;
                }
                if ($8=="utsa.cs.2413.d"){ 
                        cs2413d[3]+=$9;
                }

        }else if ($7 == "exit"){
                articles[3]+=$9;
                groups[3]+=$11;
        }else {
                times[3]+=$13;
        }

}

$6 ~ "/ring??.cs.utsa.edu/"{
    if ($7=="group"){
                articles[4]+=$9;
         if ($8=="utsa.cs.2413"){
                        cs2413[4]+=$9;
                }
                if ($8=="utsa.cs.2413.d"){ 
                        cs2413d[4]+=$9;
                }

        }else if ($7 == "exit"){
                articles[4]+=$9;
                groups[4]+=$11;
        }else {
                times[4]+=$13;
        }

}
END{
    date2 = $1 " " $2 " " $3
    printf("Articles:      %-15d%-15d%-15d%-15d\n",articles[1],articles[2],articles[3],articles[4]); 
    printf("Groups:        %-15d%-15d%-15d%-15d\n",groups[1],groups[2],groups[3],groups[4]); 
    printf("Cs2413:        %-15d%-15d%-15d%-15d\n",cs2413[1],cs2413[2],cs2413[3],cs2413[4]); 
    printf("Cs2413.d:      %-15d%-15d%-15d%-15d\n",cs2413d[1],cs2413d[2],cs2413d[3],cs2413d[4]); 
    printf("User Time:     %-15d%-15d%-15d%-15d\n",times[1],times[2],times[3],times[4]);  
    printf("\nStart Time = %s\tEnd Time = %s\n",date1,date2); 

}

这是news.notice外观的一个片段：

Feb 13 21:27:14 ringer nnrpd[11474]: lonestar.jpl.utsa.edu group alt.education.distance 19
Feb 13 21:27:14 ringer nnrpd[11474]: lonestar.jpl.utsa.edu exit articles 19 groups 1
Feb 13 21:27:14 ringer nnrpd[11474]: lonestar.jpl.utsa.edu times user 0.470 system 0.930 elapsed 4.766
Feb 13 21:27:49 ringer nnrpd[11462]: ring42.cs.utsa.edu exit articles 0 groups 2
Feb 13 21:27:49 ringer nnrpd[11462]: ring42.cs.utsa.edu times user 2.020 system 1.430 elapsed 45.114
Feb 13 21:28:00 ringer nnrpd[11482]: lonestar.jpl.utsa.edu group utsa.lonestar 7
Feb 13 21:28:00 ringer nnrpd[11482]: lonestar.jpl.utsa.edu exit articles 7 groups 1
Feb 13 21:28:00 ringer nnrpd[11482]: lonestar.jpl.utsa.edu times user 0.520 system 0.890 elapsed 48.286
Feb 13 21:28:38 ringer innd: ME running
Feb 13 21:28:43 ringer nnrpd[11344]: lonestar.jpl.utsa.edu unrecognized NOOP
Feb 13 21:29:01 ringer nnrpd[11601]: lonestar.jpl.utsa.edu connect
Feb 13 21:29:01 ringer nnrpd[11601]: lonestar.jpl.utsa.edu exit articles 0 groups 0
Feb 13 21:29:01 ringer nnrpd[11601]: lonestar.jpl.utsa.edu times user 0.470 system 0.770 elapsed 1.456
Feb 13 21:29:03 ringer nnrpd[11602]: lonestar.jpl.utsa.edu connect
Feb 13 21:29:03 ringer nnrpd[11472]: ring29.cs.utsa.edu exit articles 0 groups 0
Feb 13 21:29:03 ringer nnrpd[11472]: ring29.cs.utsa.edu times user 1.360 system 0.790 elapsed 114.771
Feb 13 21:29:03 ringer nnrpd[11602]: lonestar.jpl.utsa.edu exit articles 0 groups 0
Feb 13 21:29:03 ringer nnrpd[11602]: lonestar.jpl.utsa.edu times user 0.530 system 0.650 elapsed 1.524
Feb 13 21:29:25 ringer nnrpd[11615]: lonestar.jpl.utsa.edu connect

我正在使用这个命令：

awk -f newsread.awk news.notice > newsread.summary

下面是newsread.summary：

            News Reader Summary


               lonestar       runner         ringer         rings          

Articles:      144686         25066          2              0              
Groups:        5282           8344           19             0              
Cs2413:        0              0              0              0              
Cs2413.d:      40             25             0              0              
User Time:     266197         83377          128            0              

Start Time = Feb 13 21:27:14    End Time = Feb 14 20:56:49

而且它必须是一个awk脚本。

Answer 1

首先，去掉引号，也就是说，不要这样：

$6 ~ "/ring??.cs.utsa.edu/"

但这一点：

$6 ~ /ring??.cs.utsa.edu/

引号分隔字符串，斜杠分隔常量REs。

现在，我怀疑您的RE是错误的，因为??是每个POSIX的未定义行为，因为它是背对背的重复元字符，而.的意思是“任何单个字符”。这是一个正则表达式，而不是shell珠-不同含义的元字符。

你可能想要这样做：

$6 ~ /^ring..\.cs\.utsa\.edu$/

Answer 2

失去双引号。

$6 ~ /regex/

不

$6 ~ "/regex/"