blocks|key|3908742|text|Ping根据错误类型返回不同的退出代码。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3908743|ping+256.256.256.256+;+echo+$?
#+68

ping+-c+1+127.0.0.1+;+echo+$?
#+0

ping+-c+1+192.168.1.5+;+echo+$?
#+2|code-block|syntax|javascript|3908744|0表示可到达的主机|3908745|2意味着无法到达|3908746|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|L|$]]

Ping returns different exit codes depending on the type of error.

<pre><code>ping 256.256.256.256 ; echo $?
# 68

ping -c 1 127.0.0.1 ; echo $?
# 0

ping -c 1 192.168.1.5 ; echo $?
# 2
</code></pre>

0 means host reachable

2 means unreachable

blocks|key|151708|text|你不需要if语句中的后排。你可以用这张支票|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|151709|if+ping+-c+1+some_ip_here+&>+/dev/null
then
++echo+1
else
++echo+0
fi|code-block|syntax|javascript|151710|if命令检查以下命令(+ping)的退出代码。如果退出代码为零(这意味着命令成功退出)，那么将执行该块。如果它返回一个非零的退出代码，则会执行else块.|151711|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|J|$]]

You don't need the backticks in the if statement. You can use this check

<pre><code>if ping -c 1 some_ip_here &amp;&gt; /dev/null
then
 echo 1
else
 echo 0
fi
</code></pre>

The if command checks the exit code of the following command (the ping). If the exit code is zero (which means that the command exited successfully) the then block will be executed. If it return a non-zero exit code, then the else block will be executed.

blocks|key|3908884|text|我能想到一个这样的班轮来运行|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3908885|ping+-c+1+127.0.0.1+&>+/dev/null+&&+echo+success+%7C%7C+echo+fail|code-block|syntax|javascript|3908886|将127.0.0.1替换为IP或主机名，将echo命令替换为在这两种情况下都需要完成的操作。|3908887|上面的代码会成功的，也许可以尝试使用您知道的无法访问的IP或主机名。|3908888|如下所示：|3908889|ping+-c+1+google.com+&>+/dev/null+&&+echo+success+%7C%7C+echo+fail|3908890|还有这个|3908891|ping+-c+1+lolcatz.ninja+&>+/dev/null+&&+echo+success+%7C%7C+echo+fail|3908892|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|D|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|D|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|S|3|-4|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|T|$]]

I can think of a one liner like this to run

<pre><code>ping -c 1 127.0.0.1 &amp;&gt; /dev/null &amp;&amp; echo success || echo fail
</code></pre>

Replace 127.0.0.1 with IP or hostname, replace echo commands with what needs to be done in either case.

Code above will succeed, maybe try with an IP or hostname you know that is not accessible.

Like this:

<pre><code>ping -c 1 google.com &amp;&gt; /dev/null &amp;&amp; echo success || echo fail
</code></pre>

and this

<pre><code>ping -c 1 lolcatz.ninja &amp;&gt; /dev/null &amp;&amp; echo success || echo fail
</code></pre>

blocks|key|3908783|text|还有高级版本的ping+-+"fping"，它提供了以毫秒为单位定义超时的可能性。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3908784|#!/bin/bash
IP='192.168.1.1'
fping+-c1+-t300+$IP+2>/dev/null+1>/dev/null
if+[+"$?"+=+0+]
then
++echo+"Host+found"
else
++echo+"Host+not+found"
fi|code-block|syntax|javascript|3908785|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

There is advanced version of ping - "fping", which gives possibility to define the timeout in milliseconds.

<pre><code>#!/bin/bash
IP='192.168.1.1'
fping -c1 -t300 $IP 2&gt;/dev/null 1&gt;/dev/null
if [ "$?" = 0 ]
then
 echo "Host found"
else
 echo "Host not found"
fi
</code></pre>

blocks|key|152209|text|这是一个完整的bash脚本，每5秒对目标进行一次调用，并将错误记录到文件中。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|152210|享受吧！|152211|#!/bin/bash
++++++++
++++++++FILE=errors.txt
++++++++TARGET=192.168.0.1

++++++++++touch+$FILE
++++++++++while+true;
++++++++++do
++++++++++++DATE=$(date+'%2B%25d/%25m/%25Y+%25H:%25M:%25S')
++++++++++++ping+-c+1+$TARGET+&>+/dev/null
++++++++++++if+[[+$?+-ne+0+]];+then
++++++++++++++echo+"ERROR+"$DATE
++++++++++++++echo+$DATE+>>+$FILE
++++++++++++else
++++++++++++++echo+"OK+"$DATE
++++++++++++fi
++++++++++++++sleep+5
++++++++++done|code-block|syntax|javascript|152212|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|J|$]]

This is a complete bash script which pings target every 5 seconds and logs errors to a file.
Enjoy!
<pre><code>#!/bin/bash
 
 FILE=errors.txt
 TARGET=192.168.0.1

 touch $FILE
 while true;
 do
 DATE=$(date '+%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S')
 ping -c 1 $TARGET &amp;&gt; /dev/null
 if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
 echo &quot;ERROR &quot;$DATE
 echo $DATE &gt;&gt; $FILE
 else
 echo &quot;OK &quot;$DATE
 fi
 sleep 5
 done
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1287652|text|FYI，我刚刚用上面的方法做了一些测试，如果我们使用多ping+(10个请求)|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1287653|ping+-c10+8.8.8.8+&>+/dev/null；回显$？
|blockquote|1287654|1287655|如果至少有一个ping结果是可访问的，则多ping命令的结果为"0“，如果所有ping请求都无法到达，则为"1”。|1287656|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|E|3|-4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|I|$]]

FYI,
I just did some test using the method above and if we use multi ping (10 requests)

<blockquote>
 ping -c10 8.8.8.8 &amp;> /dev/null ; echo $?
</blockquote>

the result of multi ping command will be "0" if at least one of ping result reachable,
and "1" in case where all ping requests are unreachable.

blocks|key|1287730|text|up=`fping+-r+1+$1+`
if+[+-z+"${up}"+];+then
++++printf+"Host+$1+not+responding+to+ping+++\n"
++++else
++++printf+"Host+$1+responding+to+ping++\n"
fi|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|1287731|unstyled|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|E|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|F|$]]

<pre><code>up=`fping -r 1 $1 `
if [ -z "${up}" ]; then
 printf "Host $1 not responding to ping \n"
 else
 printf "Host $1 responding to ping \n"
fi
</code></pre>

blocks|key|151995|text|for+i+in+`cat+Hostlist`
do++
++ping+-c1+-w2+$i+%7C+grep+"PING"+%7C+awk+'{print+$2,$3}'
done|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|151996|unstyled|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|E|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|F|$]]

<pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code>for i in `cat Hostlist`
do 
 ping -c1 -w2 $i | grep &quot;PING&quot; | awk '{print $2,$3}'
done
</code></pre>

blocks|key|3909470|text|在终端仿真器窗口中，这似乎工作得比较好。它循环，直到有一个连接，然后停止。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3909471|#!/bin/bash

#+ping+in+a+loop+until+the+net+is+up

declare+-i+s=0
declare+-i+m=0
while+!+ping+-c1+-w2+8.8.8.8+&>+/dev/null+;
do
++echo+"down"+$m:$s
++sleep+10
++s=s%2B10
++if+test+$s+-ge+60;+then
++++s=0
++++m=m%2B1;
++fi
done
echo+-e+"--------->>++UP!+(connect+a+speaker)+<<--------"+\\a|code-block|syntax|javascript|3909472|最后的\a是试图在connect上得到一个bel+char。我一直试图在LXDE/lxpanel中这样做，但直到我再次建立网络连接为止，一切都停止了。有一个时间开始作为一个进步的指标，因为如果你看一个窗口，只是“向下”在每一行，你甚至不能判断它在移动。|3909473|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|J|$]]

This seems to work moderately well in a terminal emulator window. It loops until there's a connection then stops.

<pre><code>#!/bin/bash

# ping in a loop until the net is up

declare -i s=0
declare -i m=0
while ! ping -c1 -w2 8.8.8.8 &amp;&gt; /dev/null ;
do
 echo "down" $m:$s
 sleep 10
 s=s+10
 if test $s -ge 60; then
 s=0
 m=m+1;
 fi
done
echo -e "---------&gt;&gt; UP! (connect a speaker) &lt;&lt;--------" \\a
</code></pre>

The \a at the end is trying to get a bel char on connect. I've been trying to do this in LXDE/lxpanel but everything halts until I have a network connection again. Having a time started out as a progress indicator because if you look at a window with just "down" on every line you can't even tell it's moving.

blocks|key|152183|text|我喜欢检查一个清单的想法，比如：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|152184|for+i+in+`cat+Hostlist`
do++
++ping+-c1+-w2+$i+%7C+grep+"PING"+%7C+awk+'{print+$2,$3}'
done|code-block|syntax|javascript|152185|但是，这个片段并不关心主机是否无法访问，IMHO也不是一个很好的答案。|152186|我带着它跑了然后写了|152187|for+i+in+`cat+Hostlist`
do
++ping+-c1+-w2+$i+>/dev/null+2>&1+;+echo+$i+$?
done|152188|然后我可以相应地处理每一件事。|152189|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|D|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|P|$]]

I liked the idea of checking a list like:
<pre><code>for i in `cat Hostlist`
do 
 ping -c1 -w2 $i | grep &quot;PING&quot; | awk '{print $2,$3}'
done
</code></pre>
but that snippet doesn't care if a host is unreachable, so is not a great answer IMHO.
I ran with it and wrote
<pre><code>for i in `cat Hostlist`
do
 ping -c1 -w2 $i &gt;/dev/null 2&gt;&amp;1 ; echo $i $?
done
</code></pre>
And I can then handle each accordingly.

blocks|key|1287951|text|每一秒检查一次主机，到达主机时发送消息。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1287952|while+:;do+ping+-c+1+-w+1+-q+8.8.8.8+&>/dev/null+&&+/root/telegram-send.sh+"Host+reacheble+now"+&&+break+%7C%7C+sleep+1;done|code-block|syntax|javascript|1287953|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

check host every one second and send message when host is reach
<pre><code>while :;do ping -c 1 -w 1 -q 8.8.8.8 &amp;&gt;/dev/null &amp;&amp; /root/telegram-send.sh &quot;Host reacheble now&quot; &amp;&amp; break || sleep 1;done
</code></pre>

I want to write a script, that would keep checking if any of the devices in network, that should be online all day long, are really online. I tried to use ping, but

<pre><code>if [ "`ping -c 1 some_ip_here`" ]
then
 echo 1
else
 echo 0
fi
</code></pre>

gives <code>1</code> no matter if I enter valid or invalid ip address. How can I check if a specific address (or better any of devices from list of ip addresses) went offline?

Checking host availability by using ping in bash scripts

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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我想写一个脚本，它会不断地检查网络中的任何设备，它应该一整天都在线，真的是在线的。我试着用ping，但是if [ "`ping -c 1 some_ip_here`" ]then  echo 1else  echo 0fi提供1，无论输入有效ip地址还是无效ip地址。如何检查某个特定地址(或更好的ip地址列表中的任何设备)是否脱机？

问在bash脚本中使用ping检查主机可用性
EN

回答 11

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问在bash脚本中使用ping检查主机可用性
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