在Win8和WP8应用程序中共享静态库

Question

我有一个用C++编写的静态库，我想将它提供给用.NET编写的Windows 8和Windows 8应用程序。

我希望通过设置我的解决方案来最小化要维护的单独项目的数量，如下所示：

尝试1:只有UI项目是特定于平台的。

MySolution.sln
|
+- Library                    (virtual folder to group projects below)
|  |
|  +- LegacyLib.vcxproj       Static Library project - Platform-independant, native C++ code using STL & CRT. Just enough C++/CX to make some types available to .NET and expose a few static methods.
|  |
|  +- LegacyPcl.csproj        Portable Class Library project - References LegacyLib, adds some types, wrappers, interfaces, etc. written in C#.
|
+- SampleApp                  (virtual folder to group projects below)
   |
   +- CommonAppSrc            Platform-independant C# source code (e.g. MVVM classes for Model and ViewModel).
   |
   +- SampleApp_Win8.csproj   Platform-specific App project - References LegacyPcl, includes files from CommonAppSrc using "Add as Link".
   |
   +- SampleApp_Wp8.csproj    Platform-specific App project - References LegacyPcl, includes files from CommonAppSrc using "Add as Link".

问题：，似乎便携式类库不支持任何形式的原生C++代码。

在Windows8和Windows 8应用程序中包含本机C++的一种建议方法是创建一个Windows组件。不幸的是，针对Win8和Wp8的WRC项目是不同的项目类型；无法选择创建针对多个平台的Windows组件。

因此，为每个目标平台创建Windows运行时组件项目将产生以下结果：

尝试#2 - UI项目是特定于平台的，LegacyLib包装器也是如此。

MySolution.sln
|
+- Library                    (virtual folder to group projects below)
|  |
|  +- LegacyLib.vcxproj       Static Library project - Platform-independant, native C++ code using STL & CRT. Just enough C++/CX to make some types available to .NET and expose a few static methods.
|  |
|  +- LegacyWrc_Win8.csproj   Platform-specific Windows Runtime Component project - References LegacyLib, adds some types, wrappers, interfaces, etc. written in C#.
|  |
|  +- LegacyWrc_Wp8.csproj    Platform-specific Windows Runtime Component project - References LegacyLib, adds some types, wrappers, interfaces, etc. written in C#.
|
+- SampleApp                  (virtual folder to group projects below)
   |
   +- CommonAppSrc            C# source code (e.g. Model and ViewModel classes).
   |
   +- SampleApp_Win8.csproj   Platform-specific App project - References LegacyWrc_Win8, includes files from CommonAppSrc using "Add as Link".
   |
   +- SampleApp_Wp8.csproj    Platform-specific App project - References LegacyWrc_Wp8, includes files from CommonAppSrc using "Add as Link".

问题:当我试图引用LegacyWrc_Win8项目中的LegacyLib时，；我看到以下警告：

不建议添加对“LegacyLib”的引用，因为它与Windows应用程序不兼容。

构建环境表明，要使LegacyLib静态库与我的Win8 Windows运行时组件兼容，我必须在LegacyLib项目配置中启用Windows支持(忽略警告只会导致稍后的错误)：

• 项目属性>配置属性>通用>项目默认值
• 将Windows应用程序支持设置为是

接下来，当我试图对LegacyWrc_Wp8项目执行相同的操作时，我会得到以下错误：

不能添加对“LegacyLib”的引用，因为这两个项目针对的是不同的平台。

因此，使静态库与Windows 8兼容，使其与Windows 8 Phone不兼容。

看起来，构建这两个不同平台可以使用的单个静态库是不可能的，尽管库本身不包含特定于平台的代码。

我不一定要维护源代码的并行版本，但我必须创建/维护两个单独的项目，每个项目构建一个特定于平台的静态库版本。

我的解决方案现在每个项目都有一个特定于平台的版本。

尝试3-每个项目都是特定于平台的

MySolution.sln
|
+- Library                        (virtual folder to group projects below)
|  |
|  +- NativeCode                  (virtual folder to group projects below)
|  |  |
|  |  +- CommonLibSrc             Native C++ source code using STL & CRT. Just enough C++/CX to make some types available to .NET and expose a few static methods.
|  |  |
|  |  +- LegacyLib_Win8.vcxproj   Platform-specific Static Library project - Includes files from CommonLibSrc using "Add as Link".
|  |  |
|  |  +- LegacyLib_Wp8.vcxproj    Platform-specific Static Library project - Includes files from CommonLibSrc using "Add as Link".
|  |
|  +- DotNetWrapper               (virtual folder to group projects below)
|     |
|     +- CommonWrcSrc             Platform-independant C# source code (types, wrappers, interfaces, etc. for LegacyLib support) for the Windows Runtime Component projects.
|     |
|     +- LegacyWrc_Win8.csproj    Platform-specific Windows Runtime Component project - References LegacyLib_Win8, includes files from CommonWrcSrc using "Add as Link".
|     |
|     +- LegacyWrc_Wp8.csproj     Platform-specific Windows Runtime Component project - References LegacyLib_Wp8, includes files from CommonWrcSrc using "Add as Link".
|
+- SampleApp                      (virtual folder to group projects below)
   |
   +- CommonAppSrc                Platform-independant C# source code (e.g. Model, ViewModel).
   |
   +- SampleApp_Win8.csproj       Platform-specific App project - References LegacyWrc_Win8, includes files from CommonAppSrc using "Add as Link".
   |
   +- SampleApp_Wp8.csproj        Platform-specific App project - References LegacyWrc_Wp8, includes files from CommonAppSrc using "Add as Link".

问题:到目前为止，我看不到任何问题(除了这是丑陋的和更高的维护)。

顺便说一句，我确实研究过使用构建配置的可能性，但是它们已经被用于Debug/Release和x86/ARM的组合。将Win8 8/Wp8 8添加到混合中只会使配置加倍，而不是减少维护负担。

我是不是遗漏了什么？这似乎是一件很普通的事情。有没有其他人经历过这样的事情，并想出了其他更好的方法来做这件事？

编辑以确保完整性

这就是我最后做的..。

MySolution.sln
|
+- LegacyApiLib               (virtual folder to group projects below)
|  |
|  +- CommonCppSource         Common C++ source code used by LegacyWrc_*.vcxproj projects
|  |                          below
|  |
|  +- LegacyPcl.csproj        Portable class library with C# API interfaces only; no
|  |                          implementation classes.
|  |
|  +- LegacyWrc_Win8.vcxproj  Platform-specific Windows Runtime Component project - includes
|  |                          legacy C++ files, and uses C++/CX to expose static methods and
|  |                          classes to .NET in Win8.
|  |
|  +- LegacyWrc_Wp8.vcxproj   Platform-specific Windows Runtime Component project - includes
|                             legacy C++ files, and uses C++/CX to expose static methods and
|                             classes to .NET in WP8.
|
+- SampleApp                  (virtual folder to group projects below)
   |
   +- SampleAppBL.csproj      Portable class library containing the app's business logic.
   |                          References LegacyPcl.csproj for legacy API interface definitions.
   |                          Business logic is written against those interfaces; never against
   |                          specific classes. The Win8 or WP8 apps will reference the
   |                          appropriate Windows Runtime Component project, create or register
   |                          the concrete classes that implement the legacy API interface, and
   |                          either pass it into the BL or register it with IOC mechanism. In
   |                          this way, SampleAppBL.csproj never has to know about (or
   |                          reference) any of the WRC projects. 
   |
   +- SampleAppUI_Win8.csproj Platform-specific App project - References LegacyWrc_Win8.vcxproj
   |                          and SampleAppBL. Contains minimal platform-specific Win8 UI code.
   |
   +- SampleAppUI_Wp8.csproj  Platform-specific App project - References LegacyWrc_Wp8.vcxproj
                              and SampleAppBL. Contains minimal platform-specific WP8 UI code.

我意识到，LegacyApiLib导出的几个助手类可以用托管C++而不是C#编写。这意味着我可以将它们与WRC项目捆绑在一起，WRC项目稍微简化了一些事情。

Answer 1

正如您所发现的，需要为每个平台分别编译本机库，因此不能直接从可移植类库中引用它。

我建议使用抽象模式，允许您通过可移植类库共享大部分.NET代码(即模型和视图模型)。在PCL中，为您在本机库中公开的功能创建接口或抽象类。然后在特定于平台的项目中实现那些将调用转发到本机库的项目。最后，使用依赖项注入来连接这些接口的实现，这样您就可以从共享的PCL中调用它们。

以下是一些博客文章，内容涉及到这一点：

• 在便携式库中使用特定于目标的代码
• 如何使便携式类库为您工作