Jodatime时区转换

Question

我使用Joda时间来验证带有时区的时间戳。当我通过无效的日期或时间时，它按预期工作。例如，当我以秒的形式传递99时，它会产生以下错误：

Exception in thread "main" org.joda.time.IllegalFieldValueException: Cannot  
parse "20131231235999+00": Value 99 for secondOfMinute must be in the range [0,59]

我希望它也会抛出一个类似的异常，因为我也通过了无效的时区。我原以为UTC的偏移值小于-12，大于+14小时(偏移)。当偏移值超过23小时时，它确实会产生以下错误。

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Invalid
format: "20131231235959+24" is malformed at "24"

我想我漏掉了什么，因为它显示了24小时的错误。有人能解释为什么它允许偏移值< -12和> 14小时。

下面给出了一个具有不同偏移量输出的示例程序：

public static void main(String[] args) throws ParseException, DatatypeConfigurationException
{
    DateTimeFormatter dtf = DateTimeFormat.forPattern("yyyyMMddHHmmssZ").withZoneUTC();
    String dateString = "";

    for (int i = 0; i < 24; i++)
    {
        if (i < 10)
        {
            dateString = "20131231235959+0" + i;
            DateTime dt1 = dtf.parseDateTime(dateString);
            System.err.println(dateString + " = " + dt1);
        }
        else
        {
            dateString = "20131231235959+" + i;
            DateTime dt1 = dtf.parseDateTime(dateString);
            System.err.println(dateString + " = " + dt1);
        }
    }


    for (int i = 0; i < 24; i++)
    {
        if (i < 10)
        {
            dateString = "20131231235959-0" + i;
            DateTime dt1 = dtf.parseDateTime(dateString);
            System.err.println(dateString + " = " + dt1);
        }
        else
        {
            dateString = "20131231235959-" + i;
            DateTime dt1 = dtf.parseDateTime(dateString);
            System.err.println(dateString + " = " + dt1);
        }
    }
}

Output:

20131231235959+00 = 2013-12-31T23:59:59.000Z  20131231235959-00 = 2013-12-31T23:59:59.000Z
20131231235959+01 = 2013-12-31T22:59:59.000Z  20131231235959-01 = 2014-01-01T00:59:59.000Z
20131231235959+02 = 2013-12-31T21:59:59.000Z  20131231235959-02 = 2014-01-01T01:59:59.000Z
20131231235959+03 = 2013-12-31T20:59:59.000Z  20131231235959-03 = 2014-01-01T02:59:59.000Z
20131231235959+04 = 2013-12-31T19:59:59.000Z  20131231235959-04 = 2014-01-01T03:59:59.000Z
20131231235959+05 = 2013-12-31T18:59:59.000Z  20131231235959-05 = 2014-01-01T04:59:59.000Z
20131231235959+06 = 2013-12-31T17:59:59.000Z  20131231235959-06 = 2014-01-01T05:59:59.000Z
20131231235959+07 = 2013-12-31T16:59:59.000Z  20131231235959-07 = 2014-01-01T06:59:59.000Z
20131231235959+08 = 2013-12-31T15:59:59.000Z  20131231235959-08 = 2014-01-01T07:59:59.000Z
20131231235959+09 = 2013-12-31T14:59:59.000Z  20131231235959-09 = 2014-01-01T08:59:59.000Z
20131231235959+10 = 2013-12-31T13:59:59.000Z  20131231235959-10 = 2014-01-01T09:59:59.000Z
20131231235959+11 = 2013-12-31T12:59:59.000Z  20131231235959-11 = 2014-01-01T10:59:59.000Z
20131231235959+12 = 2013-12-31T11:59:59.000Z  20131231235959-12 = 2014-01-01T11:59:59.000Z
20131231235959+13 = 2013-12-31T10:59:59.000Z  20131231235959-13 = 2014-01-01T12:59:59.000Z
20131231235959+14 = 2013-12-31T09:59:59.000Z  20131231235959-14 = 2014-01-01T13:59:59.000Z
20131231235959+15 = 2013-12-31T08:59:59.000Z  20131231235959-15 = 2014-01-01T14:59:59.000Z
20131231235959+16 = 2013-12-31T07:59:59.000Z  20131231235959-16 = 2014-01-01T15:59:59.000Z
20131231235959+17 = 2013-12-31T06:59:59.000Z  20131231235959-17 = 2014-01-01T16:59:59.000Z
20131231235959+18 = 2013-12-31T05:59:59.000Z  20131231235959-18 = 2014-01-01T17:59:59.000Z
20131231235959+19 = 2013-12-31T04:59:59.000Z  20131231235959-19 = 2014-01-01T18:59:59.000Z
20131231235959+20 = 2013-12-31T03:59:59.000Z  20131231235959-20 = 2014-01-01T19:59:59.000Z
20131231235959+21 = 2013-12-31T02:59:59.000Z  20131231235959-21 = 2014-01-01T20:59:59.000Z
20131231235959+22 = 2013-12-31T01:59:59.000Z  20131231235959-22 = 2014-01-01T21:59:59.000Z
20131231235959+23 = 2013-12-31T00:59:59.000Z  20131231235959-23 = 2014-01-01T22:59:59.000Z

谢谢,

阿南德

Answer 1

来自ISO 8601：

当需要指出当地时间和一天的协调时，差异的表示可以用小时和分钟表示，或者仅以小时表示。如果当地时间在一天的世界协调时之前或等于世界协调时，则应表示为正(即用前导+符号+)，如果该时间落后于世界协调时，则表示为负数(即带前导负号)。只有当时标之间的差异恰好是一个整数小时数时，才能省略差异的分钟时间元素。基本格式：±hhmm示例：+0100±hh +01扩展格式：±hh:mm示例：+01:00

它没有明确提到范围，但他们使用的字母与小时相同。考虑到joda time默认使用ISO 8601，它似乎意味着偏移量的范围与时间表示的小时值的范围相同。