Python:响应命令行Prompts

Question

我试图使用Python通过命令行与另一个程序进行交互。我遇到的主要问题是有多个后续提示的特定调用。最初，命令行调用询问项目的名称，然后继续询问是否要查看项目的任何子文件夹。我需要按顺序回答y/n，不幸的是，不是所有的y或n。另外，如果不阅读个人提示，我无法知道问题的答案，因此我无法同时发送一个‘y’或'n's的所有内容。

这是命令行调用：

si视图项目

输入命令后，命令行提示：

输入项目名称：

例如，答复如下：

输入项目名称: c:/test.pj

输入项目后，提示如下：

您想要恢复到子项目test_subprj.pj中吗？ynYN

在这种情况下，我需要使用y或n来响应，这取决于我是否需要该子项目。同样，对这个问题的回答取决于子项目。我需要能够在这个提示符中读取子项目，以便用'y‘或'n’来响应它。

目前，我需要手动输入项目和每个y和n的。我的目标是使用Python实现这个过程的自动化。

是否有一种自动响应这些命令行提示的方法？

当前进展

子过程策略

 project_path = "c:/test.pj"

 with Popen(["si", "viewproject", "--project=" + project_path], 
             stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, universal_newlines=True) as p:
     for line in p.stdout: 
         if line.startswith("Do you want"):
             answer = 'n'
         else:
             continue # skip it
         print(answer, file=p.stdin) # provide answer
         p.stdin.flush()

此方法挂在with Popen语句之后。它从不出错，但它从未输入或退出for语句，也从未完成。目前，我正在默认"n“的所有答案，但这将被后面的逻辑所取代。

Winpexpect策略

 import re
 import sys
 from functools import partial
 import winpexpect

 project_path = "c:/test.pj"

 p = winpexpect.winspawn('si viewproject --project=' + project_path)
 p.logfile = sys.stdout
 patterns = [re.compile('ynYN'), winpexpect.EOF]

 for found in iter(partial(p.expect, patterns), 1): # until EOF
     if found == 0:
         answer = 'n'
         p.sendline(answer)

返回以下错误消息：

 Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\winpexpect-1.5-py3.3.egg\winpexpect.py", line 541, in read_nonblocking
     handle, status, data = self.child_output.get(timeout=timeout)
   File "C:\Python33\lib\queue.py", line 175, in get
     raise Empty
 queue.Empty

 During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

 Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\winpexpect-1.5-py3.3.egg\pexpect.py", line 1378, in expect_loop
     c = self.read_nonblocking (self.maxread, timeout)
   File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\winpexpect-1.5-py3.3.egg\winpexpect.py", line 543, in read_nonblocking
     raise TIMEOUT('Timeout exceeded in read_nonblocking().')
 pexpect.TIMEOUT: Timeout exceeded in read_nonblocking().

 During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

 Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "K:\eclipse_3.6.0\plugins\org.python.pydev_2.6.0.2012062818\pysrc\pydev_runfiles.py", line 432, in __get_module_from_str
     mod = __import__(modname)
   File "C:\workspace\Test_prj\Test_prj.py", line 19, in <module>
     for found in iter(partial(p.expect, patterns), 1): # until EOF
   File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\winpexpect-1.5-py3.3.egg\pexpect.py", line 1311, in expect
     return self.expect_list(compiled_pattern_list, timeout, searchwindowsize)
   File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\winpexpect-1.5-py3.3.egg\pexpect.py", line 1325, in expect_list
     return self.expect_loop(searcher_re(pattern_list), timeout, searchwindowsize)
   File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\winpexpect-1.5-py3.3.egg\pexpect.py", line 1409, in expect_loop
     raise TIMEOUT (str(e) + '\n' + str(self))
 pexpect.TIMEOUT: Timeout exceeded in read_nonblocking().
 <winpexpect.winspawn object at 0x0144AE50>
 version: 2.3 ($Revision: 399 $)
 command: si
 args: ['si', 'viewproject', '--project=c:/test.pj']
 searcher: searcher_re:
     0: re.compile("ynYN")
     1: EOF
 buffer (last 100 chars): 
 before (last 100 chars): 
 after: <class 'pexpect.TIMEOUT'>
 match: None
 match_index: None
 exitstatus: None
 flag_eof: False
 pid: 6448
 child_fd: 4
 closed: False
 timeout: 30
 delimiter: <class 'pexpect.EOF'>
 logfile: <_io.TextIOWrapper name='<stdout>' mode='w' encoding='Cp1252'>
 logfile_read: None
 logfile_send: None
 maxread: 2000
 ignorecase: False
 searchwindowsize: None
 delaybeforesend: 0.05
 delayafterclose: 0.1
 delayafterterminate: 0.1
 ERROR: Module: Test_prj could not be imported (file: C:\workspace\Test_prj\Test_prj.py).

安装Winpexpect

懒人路

安装分发

做这个

安装PyWin32

安装Winpexpect

可选:安装机头

可选:安装Pip

第一世界问题

Python对我来说是一种新的语言，我以前从未为Python安装过软件包。此外，Python3.x与Python的其他版本略有不同，这使得安装模块更像是一种冒险。

因此，为了帮助其他人获得一些甜蜜的模块操作(并帮助那些更有见识的人看到我是否做错了什么)，下面是一个即将成功的故事(希望如此)，它记录了我如何获得并安装了我的第一个模块。

设置

Python允许第三方组开发和分发扩展编程语言能力的模块。当然，有一种标准的方法可以帮助第三方开发人员尽可能方便地将模块提供给最终用户。

对于Python3.x，用于分发模块的标准称为远程。

下面是开发人员使用远程服务的方式：分发Python模块

下面是最终用户如何使用远程服务：安装Python模块

通常，导航到命令行中下载模块的文件夹并运行"setup.py安装“就足够了。

但

有时候，生活并不是那么容易，你的安装可能仍然有问题。事实上，你可能需要别的东西。例如，您可能会得到以下错误：

"ImportError“没有名为Setuptools的模块”“

幸运的是，有一个解决方案：Python3: ImportError“没有模块名为Setuptools”

事实证明，并不是所有的东西都使用distutils。有些包使用setuptools。不幸的是，Python3.x没有setuptools。相反，Python3.x使用的是分发，它是setuptools的一个分支。

因此，对于那些使用Python3.x的用户，下面是Distribute：分发

对于那些使用Python2.x的用户，下面是Setuptools：Setuptools

在分发的安装说明中，它说：“下载distribute_setup.py <http://python-distribute.org/distribute_setup.py>_并使用您选择的Python解释器执行它。”

它还说：“请注意，源版本中也提供了这个文件。”

所以我下载、分发并保存到电脑上。将其保存到计算机上后，我从源版本运行distribute_setup.py，并得到以下错误：

Downloading http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.36.tar.gz
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1252, in do_open
    h.request(req.get_method(), req.selector, req.data, headers)       File "C:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 1049, in request
    self._send_request(method, url, body, headers)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 1087, in _send_request
    self.endheaders(body)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 1045, in endheaders
    self._send_output(message_body)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 890, in _send_output
    self.send(msg)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 828, in send
    self.connect()
  File "C:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 806, in connect
    self.timeout, self.source_address)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\socket.py", line 406, in create_connection
    for res in getaddrinfo(host, port, 0, SOCK_STREAM):
socket.gaierror: [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\workspace\PythonTest\distribute_setup.py", line 553, in <module>
    sys.exit(main())
  File "C:\workspace\PythonTest\distribute_setup.py", line 549, in main
    tarball = download_setuptools(download_base=options.download_base)
  File "C:\workspace\PythonTest\distribute_setup.py", line 204, in download_setuptools
    src = urlopen(url)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py", line 160, in urlopen
    return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py", line 473, in open
    response = self._open(req, data)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py", line 491, in _open
    '_open', req)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py", line 451, in _call_chain
    result = func(*args)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1272, in http_open
    return self.do_open(http.client.HTTPConnection, req)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1255, in do_open
    raise URLError(err)
urllib.error.URLError: <urlopen error [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed>

那可不好！老实说，我仍然不知道这个错误是从哪里来的，也不知道它为什么会发生。

无论如何，我发现下面的站点运行了一个.exe来安装分发以及pip。

安装分发

安装管道

因此，我安装了这些程序，然后使用下面的站点来设置我的计算机，以便更容易地使用easy_install：设置简单的安装变得容易

一旦我完成了这个工作，我就安装了鼻子：鼻子

我之所以有鼻子，是因为Winpexpect网站说："WinPexpect包括单元测试。要运行测试，您需要鼻子。使用以下命令运行测试：

$ python setup.py测试“

听起来不错:)。现在我只希望我知道在哪里做那个测试。我知道，如果您手动安装，您将使用setup.py安装命令，所以在联机压缩目录中肯定会有一个setup.py。为了确定这是否正确，我下载并保存了winpexpect文件，提取了信息，通过命令行导航到它，并运行了setup.py测试。

结果如下：

running test
running build_py
running egg_info
creating c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info
writing c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info\PKG-INFO
writing dependency_links to c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info\dependency_links.txt
writing top-level names to c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info\top_level.txt
writing requirements to c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info\requires.txt
writing manifest file 'c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest file 'c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
writing manifest file 'c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
running build_ext
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Documents and Settings\SLZ1FH\Desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\setup.py", line 35, in <module>
    use_2to3 = True
  File "C:\Python33\lib\distutils\core.py", line 148, in setup
    dist.run_commands()
  File "C:\Python33\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 917, in run_commands
    self.run_command(cmd)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 936, in run_command
    cmd_obj.run()
  File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\distribute-0.6.36-py3.3.egg\setuptools\command\test.py", line 138, in run
    self.with_project_on_sys_path(self.run_tests)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\distribute-0.6.36-py3.3.egg\setuptools\command\test.py", line 118, in with_project_on_sys_path
    func()
  File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\distribute-0.6.36-py3.3.egg\setuptools\command\test.py", line 164, in run_tests
    testLoader = cks
  File "C:\Python33\lib\unittest\main.py", line 124, in __init__
    self.parseArgs(argv)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\unittest\main.py", line 168, in parseArgs
    self.createTests()
  File "C:\Python33\lib\unittest\main.py", line 175, in createTests
    self.module)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\unittest\loader.py", line 137, in loadTestsFromNames
    suites = [self.loadTestsFromName(name, module) for name in names]
  File "C:\Python33\lib\unittest\loader.py", line 137, in <listcomp>
    suites = [self.loadTestsFromName(name, module) for name in names]
  File "C:\Python33\lib\unittest\loader.py", line 96, in loadTestsFromName
    module = __import__('.'.join(parts_copy))
  File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\nose-1.3.0-py3.3.egg\nose\__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
    from nose.core import collector, main, run, run_exit, runmodule
  File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\nose-1.3.0-py3.3.egg\nose\core.py", line 143
    print "%s version %s" % (os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]), __version__)
                    ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

好的，那么Python3.3版本的鼻子包含Python 3.3的无效语法吗？

打印"%s版本%s“% (os.path.basename(sys.argv)，版本)

肯定应该有圆括号.这让我怀疑鼻子在这里是否真的能工作，因为它显然是为早期版本的Python而设计的。

Answer 1

在注释中，您提到了xx viewproject < answers.txt > output.txt工作，但您不能使用它，因为答案取决于子进程的输出。

通常，可以使用pexpect-like模块，如winpexpect (for )。类似于：

import re
import sys
from functools import partial
from winpexpect import EOF, winspawn as spawn

p = spawn('xx viewproject')
p.logfile = sys.stdout
patterns = ['the project:', re.escape('? [ynYN](n)'), EOF]
for found in iter(partial(p.expect, patterns), 2): # until EOF
    if found == 0:
        p.sendline(project_name)
    elif found == 1:
        filename = get_filename_from_prompt(p.before) # a regex could be used
        answer = yes_or_no_from_subproject.get(filename, 'no') # a dict
        p.sendline(answer)

如果提示以换行符结束(子进程不缓冲它们)，则可以使用subprocess模块逐行读取：

from subprocess import Popen, PIPE

with Popen(["xx", "viewproject"], stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, 
           universal_newlines=True) as p:
    for line in p.stdout: 
        if line.startswith("Please enter the name of the project"):
            answer = project_name
        elif line.startswith("Would you like to recurse into the subproject"):
            filename = get_filename_from_prompt(line) # a regex could be used
            answer = yes_or_no_from_subproject.get(filename, 'n') # a dict
        else:
            continue # skip it
        print(answer, file=p.stdin) # provide answer
        p.stdin.flush()

测试是否可以使用xx从subprocess读取某些内容

from subprocess import Popen, PIPE, STDOUT

with Popen(["xx", "viewproject"], bufsize=0,
           stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=STDOUT) as p:
    print(repr(p.stdout.read(1)))