更新Ubuntu12.04LTS中的内核似乎行不通

Question

我正在尝试将Ubuntu12.04LTS的内核从3.4.0更新到最新的可用版本，但是无论我做什么，uname -r都会继续返回3.4.0。我也多次尝试重新启动我的系统，但没有效果。

sudo update-grub的输出如下：

Generating grub.cfg ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-19-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-19-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.4.0-030400-generic-pae
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.4.0-030400-generic-pae
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-34-generic-pae
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-34-generic-pae
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-34-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-34-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
Found unknown Linux distribution on /dev/sda3
Found unknown Linux distribution on /dev/sda5
Found Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS (12.04) on /dev/sda7
done

如果有人知道如何更新/升级到最新的内核，那就太好了。当我说到update时，我并不完全确定这意味着什么，但我正在尝试安装标头、映像，特别是构建模块(因为我相信VirtualBox不会因为某种模块问题而在我的系统上运行)。

作为一个提示，我已经做了很多谷歌搜索来寻找答案，所以我试图解决这个问题的尝试是非常多样的，但是我对内核的整个概念的工作知识(和更新它们)以及它们的组成是相当有限的。

如果有必要的话，我非常乐意在终端上运行任何命令，如果你真的遇到了一个答案，请记住我是一个内核'newby‘，所以详细的解释和步骤，或者链接非常感谢。

最后请注意，我正在运行由Jay的脚本安装的32位ChrUbuntu (只有fyi，/dev/sda3 3和/dev/sda3 5上未知的Linux发行版ChromeOS是chromebook的默认操作系统)，这可能与这个问题有关，也可能与这个问题无关，但我不是专家，所以任何洞察力都是很酷的，但根本没有必要。

编辑：/boot/grub/grub.conf的内容如下：

#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
  set have_grubenv=true
  load_env
fi
set default="0"
if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
  set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
  save_env saved_entry
  set prev_saved_entry=
  save_env prev_saved_entry
  set boot_once=true
fi

function savedefault {
  if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
    saved_entry="${chosen}"
    save_env saved_entry
  fi
}

function recordfail {
  set recordfail=1
  if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi
}

function load_video {
  insmod vbe
  insmod vga
  insmod video_bochs
  insmod video_cirrus
}

insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='(hd0,gpt7)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728
if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then
  set gfxmode=auto
  load_video
  insmod gfxterm
  insmod part_gpt
  insmod ext2
  set root='(hd0,gpt7)'
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728
  set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale
  set lang=en_US
  insmod gettext
fi
terminal_output gfxterm
if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then
  set timeout=-1
else
  set timeout=10
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
function gfxmode {
    set gfxpayload="${1}"
    if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then
        set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7
    else
        set vt_handoff=
    fi
}
if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then
  if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then
    if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then
      if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then
        set linux_gfx_mode=keep
      else
        set linux_gfx_mode=text
      fi
    else
      set linux_gfx_mode=text
    fi
  else
    set linux_gfx_mode=keep
  fi
else
  set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
export linux_gfx_mode
if [ "${linux_gfx_mode}" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.5.0-19-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    recordfail
    gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
    insmod gzio
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,gpt7)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728
    linux   /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-19-generic root=UUID=48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728 ro   crashkernel=384M-2G:64M,2G-:128M quiet splash $vt_handoff
    initrd  /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-19-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.5.0-19-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    recordfail
    insmod gzio
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,gpt7)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728
    echo    'Loading Linux 3.5.0-19-generic ...'
    linux   /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-19-generic root=UUID=48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728 ro recovery nomodeset 
    echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
    initrd  /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-19-generic
}
submenu "Previous Linux versions" {
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.4.0-030400-generic-pae' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    recordfail
    gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
    insmod gzio
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,gpt7)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728
    linux   /boot/vmlinuz-3.4.0-030400-generic-pae root=UUID=48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728 ro   crashkernel=384M-2G:64M,2G-:128M quiet splash $vt_handoff
    initrd  /boot/initrd.img-3.4.0-030400-generic-pae
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.4.0-030400-generic-pae (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    recordfail
    insmod gzio
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,gpt7)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728
    echo    'Loading Linux 3.4.0-030400-generic-pae ...'
    linux   /boot/vmlinuz-3.4.0-030400-generic-pae root=UUID=48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728 ro recovery nomodeset 
    echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
    initrd  /boot/initrd.img-3.4.0-030400-generic-pae
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-34-generic-pae' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    recordfail
    gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
    insmod gzio
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,gpt7)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728
    linux   /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-34-generic-pae root=UUID=48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728 ro   crashkernel=384M-2G:64M,2G-:128M quiet splash $vt_handoff
    initrd  /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-34-generic-pae
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-34-generic-pae (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    recordfail
    insmod gzio
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,gpt7)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728
    echo    'Loading Linux 3.2.0-34-generic-pae ...'
    linux   /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-34-generic-pae root=UUID=48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728 ro recovery nomodeset 
    echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
    initrd  /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-34-generic-pae
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-34-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    recordfail
    gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
    insmod gzio
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,gpt7)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728
    linux   /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-34-generic root=UUID=48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728 ro   crashkernel=384M-2G:64M,2G-:128M quiet splash $vt_handoff
    initrd  /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-34-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-34-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    recordfail
    insmod gzio
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,gpt7)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728
    echo    'Loading Linux 3.2.0-34-generic ...'
    linux   /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-34-generic root=UUID=48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728 ro recovery nomodeset 
    echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
    initrd  /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-34-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.38-8-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    recordfail
    gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
    insmod gzio
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,gpt7)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728
    linux   /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic root=UUID=48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728 ro   crashkernel=384M-2G:64M,2G-:128M quiet splash $vt_handoff
    initrd  /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.38-8-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    recordfail
    insmod gzio
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,gpt7)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728
    echo    'Loading Linux 2.6.38-8-generic ...'
    linux   /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic root=UUID=48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728 ro recovery nomodeset 
    echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
    initrd  /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic
}
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,gpt7)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728
    linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin
}
menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,gpt7)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728
    linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8
}
### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
menuentry "unknown Linux distribution (on /dev/sda3)" --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,gpt3)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
    linux /boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/sda3
}
menuentry "unknown Linux distribution (on /dev/sda3)" --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,gpt3)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
    linux /boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/sda3
}
menuentry "unknown Linux distribution (on /dev/sda3)" --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,gpt3)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
    linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.4.0 root=/dev/sda3
}
menuentry "unknown Linux distribution (on /dev/sda5)" --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,gpt5)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
    linux /boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/sda5
}
menuentry "unknown Linux distribution (on /dev/sda5)" --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,gpt5)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
    linux /boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/sda5
}
menuentry "unknown Linux distribution (on /dev/sda5)" --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,gpt5)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
    linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.4.0 root=/dev/sda5
}
menuentry "Ubuntu, with Linux 3.5.0-19-generic (on /dev/sda7)" --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,gpt7)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728
    linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-19-generic root=UUID=48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728 ro crashkernel=384M-2G:64M,2G-:128M quiet splash $vt_handoff
    initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-19-generic
}
menuentry "Ubuntu, with Linux 3.5.0-19-generic (recovery mode) (on /dev/sda7)" --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,gpt7)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728
    linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-19-generic root=UUID=48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728 ro recovery nomodeset
    initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-19-generic
}
menuentry "Ubuntu, with Linux 3.4.0-030400-generic-pae (on /dev/sda7)" --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,gpt7)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728
    linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.4.0-030400-generic-pae root=UUID=48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728 ro crashkernel=384M-2G:64M,2G-:128M quiet splash $vt_handoff
    initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.4.0-030400-generic-pae
}
menuentry "Ubuntu, with Linux 3.4.0-030400-generic-pae (recovery mode) (on /dev/sda7)" --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,gpt7)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728
    linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.4.0-030400-generic-pae root=UUID=48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728 ro recovery nomodeset
    initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.4.0-030400-generic-pae
}
menuentry "Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-34-generic-pae (on /dev/sda7)" --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,gpt7)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728
    linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-34-generic-pae root=UUID=48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728 ro crashkernel=384M-2G:64M,2G-:128M quiet splash $vt_handoff
    initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-34-generic-pae
}
menuentry "Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-34-generic-pae (recovery mode) (on /dev/sda7)" --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,gpt7)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728
    linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-34-generic-pae root=UUID=48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728 ro recovery nomodeset
    initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-34-generic-pae
}
menuentry "Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-34-generic (on /dev/sda7)" --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,gpt7)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728
    linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-34-generic root=UUID=48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728 ro crashkernel=384M-2G:64M,2G-:128M quiet splash $vt_handoff
    initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-34-generic
}
menuentry "Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-34-generic (recovery mode) (on /dev/sda7)" --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,gpt7)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728
    linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-34-generic root=UUID=48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728 ro recovery nomodeset
    initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-34-generic
}
menuentry "Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.38-8-generic (on /dev/sda7)" --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,gpt7)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728
    linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic root=UUID=48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728 ro crashkernel=384M-2G:64M,2G-:128M quiet splash $vt_handoff
    initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic
}
menuentry "Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.38-8-generic (recovery mode) (on /dev/sda7)" --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,gpt7)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728
    linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic root=UUID=48ba90b7-e174-4460-9b09-308e40541728 ro recovery nomodeset
    initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic
}
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries.  Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment.  Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f  $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
  source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###

Answer 1

从update-grub的输出来看，内核3.5.0-19似乎已经成功安装

您在引导时是否有grub菜单？那里有什么选择？

可能希望sudo grub-set-default X设置默认引导项，请在/boot/grub/grub.cfg中签入哪个条目为3.5.0-19，并相应地设置X (可能为0)