我寻找一种复制文件(二进制或文本)的好方法。我写了几个样本,每个人都在工作。但我想听听经验丰富的程序员的意见。
我遗漏了一些好的例子,并搜索了一种与C++一起工作的方法。
ANSI-C-WAY
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio> // fopen, fclose, fread, fwrite, BUFSIZ
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;
int main() {
clock_t start, end;
start = clock();
// BUFSIZE default is 8192 bytes
// BUFSIZE of 1 means one chareter at time
// good values should fit to blocksize, like 1024 or 4096
// higher values reduce number of system calls
// size_t BUFFER_SIZE = 4096;
char buf[BUFSIZ];
size_t size;
FILE* source = fopen("from.ogv", "rb");
FILE* dest = fopen("to.ogv", "wb");
// clean and more secure
// feof(FILE* stream) returns non-zero if the end of file indicator for stream is set
while (size = fread(buf, 1, BUFSIZ, source)) {
fwrite(buf, 1, size, dest);
}
fclose(source);
fclose(dest);
end = clock();
cout << "CLOCKS_PER_SEC " << CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "\n";
cout << "CPU-TIME START " << start << "\n";
cout << "CPU-TIME END " << end << "\n";
cout << "CPU-TIME END - START " << end - start << "\n";
cout << "TIME(SEC) " << static_cast<double>(end - start) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "\n";
return 0;
}POSIX-WAY (K&R在“C编程语言”中使用,更低级别)
#include <iostream>
#include <fcntl.h> // open
#include <unistd.h> // read, write, close
#include <cstdio> // BUFSIZ
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;
int main() {
clock_t start, end;
start = clock();
// BUFSIZE defaults to 8192
// BUFSIZE of 1 means one chareter at time
// good values should fit to blocksize, like 1024 or 4096
// higher values reduce number of system calls
// size_t BUFFER_SIZE = 4096;
char buf[BUFSIZ];
size_t size;
int source = open("from.ogv", O_RDONLY, 0);
int dest = open("to.ogv", O_WRONLY | O_CREAT /*| O_TRUNC/**/, 0644);
while ((size = read(source, buf, BUFSIZ)) > 0) {
write(dest, buf, size);
}
close(source);
close(dest);
end = clock();
cout << "CLOCKS_PER_SEC " << CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "\n";
cout << "CPU-TIME START " << start << "\n";
cout << "CPU-TIME END " << end << "\n";
cout << "CPU-TIME END - START " << end - start << "\n";
cout << "TIME(SEC) " << static_cast<double>(end - start) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "\n";
return 0;
}KISS-C++-Streambuffer-WAY
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;
int main() {
clock_t start, end;
start = clock();
ifstream source("from.ogv", ios::binary);
ofstream dest("to.ogv", ios::binary);
dest << source.rdbuf();
source.close();
dest.close();
end = clock();
cout << "CLOCKS_PER_SEC " << CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "\n";
cout << "CPU-TIME START " << start << "\n";
cout << "CPU-TIME END " << end << "\n";
cout << "CPU-TIME END - START " << end - start << "\n";
cout << "TIME(SEC) " << static_cast<double>(end - start) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "\n";
return 0;
}COPY-ALGORITHM-C++-WAY
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <ctime>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
using namespace std;
int main() {
clock_t start, end;
start = clock();
ifstream source("from.ogv", ios::binary);
ofstream dest("to.ogv", ios::binary);
istreambuf_iterator<char> begin_source(source);
istreambuf_iterator<char> end_source;
ostreambuf_iterator<char> begin_dest(dest);
copy(begin_source, end_source, begin_dest);
source.close();
dest.close();
end = clock();
cout << "CLOCKS_PER_SEC " << CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "\n";
cout << "CPU-TIME START " << start << "\n";
cout << "CPU-TIME END " << end << "\n";
cout << "CPU-TIME END - START " << end - start << "\n";
cout << "TIME(SEC) " << static_cast<double>(end - start) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "\n";
return 0;
}OWN-BUFFER-C++-WAY
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;
int main() {
clock_t start, end;
start = clock();
ifstream source("from.ogv", ios::binary);
ofstream dest("to.ogv", ios::binary);
// file size
source.seekg(0, ios::end);
ifstream::pos_type size = source.tellg();
source.seekg(0);
// allocate memory for buffer
char* buffer = new char[size];
// copy file
source.read(buffer, size);
dest.write(buffer, size);
// clean up
delete[] buffer;
source.close();
dest.close();
end = clock();
cout << "CLOCKS_PER_SEC " << CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "\n";
cout << "CPU-TIME START " << start << "\n";
cout << "CPU-TIME END " << end << "\n";
cout << "CPU-TIME END - START " << end - start << "\n";
cout << "TIME(SEC) " << static_cast<double>(end - start) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "\n";
return 0;
}LINUX-WAY //需要内核>= 2.6.33
#include <iostream>
#include <sys/sendfile.h> // sendfile
#include <fcntl.h> // open
#include <unistd.h> // close
#include <sys/stat.h> // fstat
#include <sys/types.h> // fstat
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;
int main() {
clock_t start, end;
start = clock();
int source = open("from.ogv", O_RDONLY, 0);
int dest = open("to.ogv", O_WRONLY | O_CREAT /*| O_TRUNC/**/, 0644);
// struct required, rationale: function stat() exists also
struct stat stat_source;
fstat(source, &stat_source);
sendfile(dest, source, 0, stat_source.st_size);
close(source);
close(dest);
end = clock();
cout << "CLOCKS_PER_SEC " << CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "\n";
cout << "CPU-TIME START " << start << "\n";
cout << "CPU-TIME END " << end << "\n";
cout << "CPU-TIME END - START " << end - start << "\n";
cout << "TIME(SEC) " << static_cast<double>(end - start) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "\n";
return 0;
}环境
复制的步骤
1. $ rm from.ogg
2. $ reboot # kernel and filesystem buffers are in regular
3. $ (time ./program) &>> report.txt # executes program, redirects output of program and append to file
4. $ sha256sum *.ogv # checksum
5. $ rm to.ogg # remove copy, but no sync, kernel and fileystem buffers are used
6. $ (time ./program) &>> report.txt # executes program, redirects output of program and append to file结果(使用CPU时间)
Program Description UNBUFFERED|BUFFERED
ANSI C (fread/frwite) 490,000|260,000
POSIX (K&R, read/write) 450,000|230,000
FSTREAM (KISS, Streambuffer) 500,000|270,000
FSTREAM (Algorithm, copy) 500,000|270,000
FSTREAM (OWN-BUFFER) 500,000|340,000
SENDFILE (native LINUX, sendfile) 410,000|200,000 文件大小不会改变。
sha256sum打印相同的结果。
视频文件仍然可以播放。
问题
谢谢
更新1
我以这种方式更改了所有示例中的源代码,即文件描述符的打开和关闭包含在clock()的度量中。它们并不是源代码中的其他重大更改。结果没有改变!我还用时间反复检查我的结果。
更新2
ANSI C示例改变了:while-循环的条件不再调用feof(),而是将fread()移到条件中。看起来,代码现在运行速度快了10,000个时钟。
度量发生了变化:以前的结果总是被缓冲,因为我对每个程序重复了几次旧的命令行rm to.ogv && sync & time ./程序。现在我为每个程序重新启动系统。未缓冲的结果是新的,并不令人惊讶。未缓冲的结果并没有真正改变。
如果我不删除旧版本,程序的反应就不一样了。用POSIX和SENDFILE覆盖现有的缓冲文件更快,所有其他程序都比较慢。可能选项截断或创建会对此行为产生影响。但是用相同的副本覆盖现有文件并不是真实的用例。
使用cp执行副本需要0.44秒未缓冲和0.30秒缓冲。所以cp比POSIX示例慢一点。对我来说很好。
也许我还从boost::copy_file()系统中添加了mmap()和的示例和结果。
更新3
我也把它放到了一个博客页面上,并对其进行了一些扩展。包括splice(),它是Linux内核中的一个低级函数。也许还会有更多的Java示例出现。id=69
发布于 2012-04-17 16:49:38
以理智的方式复制文件:
#include <fstream>
int main()
{
std::ifstream src("from.ogv", std::ios::binary);
std::ofstream dst("to.ogv", std::ios::binary);
dst << src.rdbuf();
}这是如此简单和直观的阅读,这是值得的额外成本。如果我们做了很多,最好回到操作系统对文件系统的调用。我确信boost的文件系统类中有一个复制文件方法。
有一个与文件系统交互的C方法:
#include <copyfile.h>
int
copyfile(const char *from, const char *to, copyfile_state_t state, copyfile_flags_t flags);发布于 2016-07-27 15:00:09
使用C++17,复制文件的标准方法将包括头,并使用:
bool copy_file( const std::filesystem::path& from,
const std::filesystem::path& to);
bool copy_file( const std::filesystem::path& from,
const std::filesystem::path& to,
std::filesystem::copy_options options);第一种形式等价于第二种形式,使用copy_options::none作为选项(也请参阅copy_file)。
filesystem库最初被开发为boost.filesystem,并最终合并到C++17的ISO C++中。
发布于 2012-04-17 16:52:09
太多了!
"ANSI“方式缓冲区是冗余的,因为FILE已经被缓冲。(这个内部缓冲区的大小是BUFSIZ实际定义的。)
“自己的缓冲区-C++方式”将是缓慢的,因为它通过fstream进行大量的虚拟调度,并再次维护内部缓冲区或每个流对象。(“复制算法-C++-WAY”不受此影响,因为streambuf_iterator类绕过流层。)
我更喜欢“复制算法-C++方式”,但不构建fstream,只需在不需要实际格式化的情况下创建裸露的std::filebuf实例即可。
对于原始性能,不能超过POSIX文件描述符。它很难看,但在任何平台上都是便携和快速的。
Linux的方式看起来非常快--也许操作系统让函数在I/O完成之前返回?无论如何,对于许多应用程序来说,这是不够可移植的。
编辑:啊,“本地Linux”可能通过将读写与异步I/O交织在一起来提高性能。让命令堆积起来可以帮助磁盘驱动程序决定什么时候是最好的选择。您可以尝试使用Boost Asio或p线程进行比较。至于“无法击败POSIX文件描述符”,…嗯,如果你对数据做了什么,而不仅仅是盲目地复制,那就是真的。
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10195343
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