如何在这种情况下最好地设计数据库

Question

乍一看，数据库模式如下所示：

​

​

模式必须是第三种范式(而且我知道hotels.average_rating提出了不同的建议，尝试监督它，因为数据库还没有完全设计)。这是一个旅游推荐系统。

SQL：

SET SQL_MODE="NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO";
SET time_zone = "+00:00";

CREATE TABLE `activities` (
  `activity_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `activity_name` varchar(277) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`activity_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;

CREATE TABLE `bookings` (
  `from_date` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  `to_date` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  `belong_user` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `belong_hotel` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `rating` int(3) unsigned NOT NULL,
  KEY `belong_user` (`belong_user`),
  KEY `belong_hotel` (`belong_hotel`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;

CREATE TABLE `countries` (
  `cuntry_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `country_name` varchar(20) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`cuntry_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;

CREATE TABLE `hotels` (
  `hotel_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `hotel_name` varchar(128) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL,
  `hotel_stars` int(3) NOT NULL,
  `hotel_description` text COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL,
  `average_price` float unsigned NOT NULL,
  `average_rating` float unsigned NOT NULL,
  `total_rooms` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `free_rooms` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `belong_region` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`hotel_id`),
  KEY `belong_region` (`belong_region`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;

CREATE TABLE `hotels_activity_offers` (
  `belong_hotel` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `belong_activity` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  UNIQUE KEY `belong_hotel_2` (`belong_hotel`,`belong_activity`),
  KEY `belong_hotel` (`belong_hotel`),
  KEY `belong_activity` (`belong_activity`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;

CREATE TABLE `regions` (
  `region_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `belong_country` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `region_name` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`region_id`),
  KEY `belong_country` (`belong_country`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;

CREATE TABLE `regions_activity_offers` (
  `belong_region` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `belong_activity` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  KEY `belong_region` (`belong_region`),
  KEY `belong_activity` (`belong_activity`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;

CREATE TABLE `users` (
  `user_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `username` varchar(20) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL,
  `password` varchar(40) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL COMMENT 'MD5',
  `first_name` varchar(20) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL,
  `last_name` varchar(20) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL,
  `email` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL,
  `is_admin` tinyint(1) NOT NULL,
  `is_active` tinyint(1) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`user_id`),
  KEY `is_active` (`is_active`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;

CREATE TABLE `users_favourite_activities` (
  `belong_user` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `belong_activity` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  UNIQUE KEY `belong_user_2` (`belong_user`,`belong_activity`),
  KEY `belong_user` (`belong_user`),
  KEY `belong_activity` (`belong_activity`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;


ALTER TABLE `bookings`
  ADD CONSTRAINT `bookings_ibfk_3` FOREIGN KEY (`belong_hotel`) REFERENCES `hotels` (`hotel_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE,
  ADD CONSTRAINT `bookings_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`belong_user`) REFERENCES `users` (`user_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE;

ALTER TABLE `hotels`
  ADD CONSTRAINT `hotels_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`belong_region`) REFERENCES `regions` (`region_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE;

ALTER TABLE `hotels_activity_offers`
  ADD CONSTRAINT `hotels_activity_offers_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`belong_activity`) REFERENCES `activities` (`activity_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE,
  ADD CONSTRAINT `hotels_activity_offers_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`belong_hotel`) REFERENCES `hotels` (`hotel_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE;

ALTER TABLE `regions`
  ADD CONSTRAINT `regions_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`belong_country`) REFERENCES `countries` (`cuntry_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE;

ALTER TABLE `regions_activity_offers`
  ADD CONSTRAINT `regions_activity_offers_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`belong_activity`) REFERENCES `activities` (`activity_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE,
  ADD CONSTRAINT `regions_activity_offers_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`belong_region`) REFERENCES `regions` (`region_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE;

ALTER TABLE `users_favourite_activities`
  ADD CONSTRAINT `users_favourite_activities_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`belong_user`) REFERENCES `users` (`user_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE,
  ADD CONSTRAINT `users_favourite_activities_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`belong_activity`) REFERENCES `activities` (`activity_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE;

1. 问题是:如何最好地添加一个“用户活动日志”特性来存储用户参与的活动？请注意，区域和酒店都可以有活动，我需要能够知道该活动是在某个地区还是在酒店中进行的。引用完整性应该是guaranteed.
2. Present一个查询(它应该使用连接，不是吗？)列出所有用户及其活动，以及酒店id、或区域id。(如果需要的话，不适用的可以为空)。

简单的解决方案更好--因此最好没有存储过程或任何在mysql特定特性中挖掘得太多的东西。

Answer 1

您的数据库没有标准化--而且您所做的方式看起来就像海报--为什么标准化是个好主意。

hotels.average_rating？

见鬼？

虽然对数据进行反美化是有意义的--但这不是怎么做的。考虑一下当用户提交酒店评级时需要做什么--您需要根据提交的所有评级重新计算值。如果您持有的是sum_of_ratings (甚至保留了当前的平均值)和一些评级，那么您可以根据酒店记录和新评级计算新值，而不必查看其他评级。