是否可以在没有FlexibleInstances的情况下表示下面的Haskell程序,即用纯Haskell2010表示?
{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
class Funk a where truth :: a -> [Bool]
instance Funk [Bool] where truth = \x -> x
instance Funk Bool where truth = \x -> [x]
instance Funk b => Funk (Bool -> b) where
truth f = concat [truth (f True), truth (f False)]这是受How to write a Haskell function that takes a variadic function as an argument上的答案启发的。
我怀疑问题在于,truth返回的不是作为参数的函数(它返回的是Bool,而不是[Bool])。
这个片段的目的是给出一个布尔函数的所有可能配置的所有计算的列表,即
Main> truth (\x y -> x && y)
[True,False,False,False]
Main> truth (\x y -> x || y)
[True,True,True,False]最后,打印一个真值表,如下所示(见本文末尾的锅炉板,以查看生成此表的代码):
Main> main
T T T | T
T T F | T
T F T | T
T F F | F
F T T | T
F T F | F
F F T | T
F F F | T下面是一些用于测试和可视化的锅炉板代码,这个功能的目的是:
class TruthTable a where
truthTable :: Funk f => f -> a
instance TruthTable [String] where
truthTable f = zipWith (++) (hCells (div (length t) 2)) (map showBool $ truth f)
where
showBool True = "| T"
showBool False = "| F"
hCells 1 = ["T ", "F "]
hCells n = ["T " ++ x | x <- hCells (div n 2)] ++ ["F " ++ x | x <- hCells (div n 2)]
instance TruthTable [Char] where
truthTable f = foldl1 join (truthTable f)
where join a b = a ++ "\n" ++ b
instance TruthTable (IO a) where
truthTable f = putStrLn (truthTable f) >> return undefined
main :: IO ()
main = truthTable (\x y z -> x `xor` y ==> z)
xor :: Bool -> Bool -> Bool
xor a b = not $ a == b
(==>) :: Bool -> Bool -> Bool
a ==> b = not $ a && not b发布于 2011-12-04 14:30:13
没问题:
class Funk a where truth :: a -> [Bool]
instance (IsBool a) => Funk [a] where truth = map toBool
instance Funk Bool where truth = \x -> [x]
instance (IsBool a, Funk b) => Funk (a -> b) where
truth f = concat [truth (f $ fromBool True), truth (f $ fromBool False)]
class IsBool a where
toBool :: a -> Bool
fromBool :: Bool -> a
instance IsBool Bool where
toBool = id
fromBool = id如果你愿意的话,你甚至可以做“荣誉布尔人”,比如0和1的Integer等等。
发布于 2011-12-04 13:07:50
Haskell98的方法是为([] Bool)和((->) Bool b)使用新类型:
newtype LB = LB [Bool]
newtype FAB b = FAB (Bool -> b)
class Funk a where truth :: a -> [Bool]
instance Funk LB where truth = \(LB x) -> x
instance Funk Bool where truth = \x -> [x]
instance Funk b => Funk (FAB b) where
truth (FAB f) = concat [truth (f True), truth (f False)]然后,这部分编译不需要任何语言扩展。但它消除了让“真相”变得简单的用例。
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8375433
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