用缓存控制控制CSS

Question

好吧，这里有一个很难的问题：

我有这些网站与几个CSS文件，使用缓存破坏，它工作得很好。我得到了403，不是每个电话都修改的。

但是现在我在htaccess中使用这个规则来连接我的所有文件

<FilesMatch "\.combined\.css$">
  Options +Includes
  AddOutputFilterByType INCLUDES text/css
  SetOutputFilter INCLUDES
</FilesMatch>

在script.combined.css内部，您可以找到以下内容：

<!--#include file="file1.css" -->
<!--#include file="file2.css" -->

问题是，即使我的文件"script.combined.css“使用缓存破坏。它总是返回"200确定“。这些是script.combined.css的头：

Request

URL:http://XXX/css/script.combined.css
Request Method:GET
Status Code:200 OK

Request Headers

Accept:text/css,*/*;q=0.1
Accept-Charset:ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding:gzip,deflate,sdch
Accept-Language:en-US,en;q=0.8
Cache-Control:max-age=0
Connection:keep-alive
Cookie:typo3-login-cookiecheck=true; PHPSESSID=2evc53ngjjobateti38gpahtt7; tx_phpmyadmin=quf4sgevagubd1snd9eoq4g4d0; be_typo_user=0f4c7e291b6d7673310d6f15da687910; Typo3InstallTool=62erpih8fmqbbl3pe75pcenuu0; fe_typo_user=a7e5de71521603161fa598ed523b024b
Host:XXX
Referer:http://XXX/
User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Ubuntu/11.04 Chromium/12.0.742.112 Chrome/12.0.742.112 Safari/534.30

Response Headers

Accept-Ranges:bytes
Cache-Control:max-age=31536000, public
Connection:Keep-Alive
Content-Type:text/css
Date:Wed, 17 Aug 2011 13:56:42 GMT
Expires:Thu, 16 Aug 2012 13:56:42 GMT
Keep-Alive:timeout=5, max=99
Server:HTTPD
Transfer-Encoding:chunked

...while --这些是另一个简单css文件的头：

Request URL:http://XXX/css/style.css
Request Method:GET
Status Code:304 Not Modified

Request Headers

Accept:text/css,*/*;q=0.1
Accept-Charset:ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding:gzip,deflate,sdch
Accept-Language:en-US,en;q=0.8
Cache-Control:max-age=0
Connection:keep-alive
Cookie:typo3-login-cookiecheck=true; PHPSESSID=2evc53ngjjobateti38gpahtt7; tx_phpmyadmin=quf4sgevagubd1snd9eoq4g4d0; be_typo_user=0f4c7e291b6d7673310d6f15da687910; Typo3InstallTool=62erpih8fmqbbl3pe75pcenuu0; fe_typo_user=a7e5de71521603161fa598ed523b024b
Host:XXX
If-Modified-Since:Wed, 17 Aug 2011 11:45:17 GMT
Referer:http://XXX/
User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Ubuntu/11.04 Chromium/12.0.742.112 Chrome/12.0.742.112 Safari/534.30

Response Headers

Cache-Control:max-age=31536000, public
Connection:Keep-Alive
Date:Wed, 17 Aug 2011 13:56:42 GMT
Expires:Thu, 16 Aug 2012 13:56:42 GMT
Keep-Alive:timeout=5, max=97
Server:HTTPD

我使用了一个扩展来测量google的页面速度，我得到了这样的消息：

指定缓存验证器 以下资源缺少缓存验证器。没有指定缓存验证器的资源无法有效刷新。指定最后修改的或ETag头，以便为下列资源启用缓存验证： http://XXX/css/script.combined.css?1313583214

我该怎么办？?

Answer 1

根据Apache的服务器端文档，包括：

在默认配置中，Apache不会在SSI页面上发送最后修改过的日期或内容长度HTTP标头，因为这些值很难计算动态内容。

http://httpd.apache.org/docs/1.3/howto/ssi.html

因此，浏览器中对styles.combined.css的直接请求永远不会返回304未修改的状态。

但是，如果您设置的是expires ，浏览器只需从本地缓存中提取该资产。检查上次修改日期的请求是不必要的，不会被发送。

Answer 2

我建议您看看html5样板项目的优秀工作，它为您在新项目中开始提供了一个良好的基础。但更重要的是，它包括一个带有注释良好的规则的.htaccess文件。

下面的片段可能对您有特别的帮助：

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Expires headers (for better cache control)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# These are pretty far-future expires headers.
# They assume you control versioning with cachebusting query params like
#   <script src="application.js?20100608">
# Additionally, consider that outdated proxies may miscache 
#   www.stevesouders.com/blog/2008/08/23/revving-filenames-dont-use-querystring/

# If you don't use filenames to version, lower the CSS  and JS to something like
#   "access plus 1 week" or so.

<IfModule mod_expires.c>
  ExpiresActive on

# Perhaps better to whitelist expires rules? Perhaps.
  ExpiresDefault                          "access plus 1 month"

# cache.appcache needs re-requests in FF 3.6 (thanks Remy ~Introducing HTML5)
  ExpiresByType text/cache-manifest       "access plus 0 seconds"

# Your document html 
  ExpiresByType text/html                 "access plus 0 seconds"

# Data
  ExpiresByType text/xml                  "access plus 0 seconds"
  ExpiresByType application/xml           "access plus 0 seconds"
  ExpiresByType application/json          "access plus 0 seconds"

# Feed
  ExpiresByType application/rss+xml       "access plus 1 hour"
  ExpiresByType application/atom+xml      "access plus 1 hour"

# Favicon (cannot be renamed)
  ExpiresByType image/x-icon              "access plus 1 week" 

# Media: images, video, audio
  ExpiresByType image/gif                 "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType image/png                 "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType image/jpg                 "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType image/jpeg                "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType video/ogg                 "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType audio/ogg                 "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType video/mp4                 "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType video/webm                "access plus 1 month"

# HTC files  (css3pie)
  ExpiresByType text/x-component          "access plus 1 month"

# Webfonts
  ExpiresByType font/truetype             "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType font/opentype             "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType application/x-font-woff   "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType image/svg+xml             "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType application/vnd.ms-fontobject "access plus 1 month"

# CSS and JavaScript
  ExpiresByType text/css                  "access plus 1 year"
  ExpiresByType application/javascript    "access plus 1 year"

  <IfModule mod_headers.c>
    Header append Cache-Control "public"
  </IfModule>

</IfModule>



# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# ETag removal
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# FileETag None is not enough for every server.
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
  Header unset ETag
</IfModule>

# Since we're sending far-future expires, we don't need ETags for
# static content.
#   developer.yahoo.com/performance/rules.html#etags
FileETag None