Net键：：SSH2 2

Question

我有一个简单的perl测试脚本，它使用Net::SSH2 2，而且我在使用公钥身份验证时遇到了困难。

注意:在阅读了几个回复之后，我意识到我应该提到我创建脚本是为了帮助缩小另一个使用Net的应用程序的问题:SSH2 2。因此，我不可能切换到另一个包，如Net::OpenSSH或Net::OpenSSH::Compat::SSH2 2。

注释更新：作为萨尔瓦 指出，无需修补原始应用程序就可以使用Net::OpenSSH::Compat::SSH2 2。

下面是代码：

use strict;
use warnings;
use 5.10.0;

use Net::SSH2;

my $ssh2 = Net::SSH2->new();
my $auth;

if ( $ssh2->connect('hostname') ) {

    $auth = $ssh2->auth_publickey(
       'username',
       '/home/mike/.ssh/id_rsa.pub',
       '/home/mike/.ssh/id_rsa',
       'password'
    );  
}   

if ($auth && $ssh2->auth_ok) {
    say 'Success';
} else {
    say join ', ', $ssh2->error;
}  

我一直在Ubuntu上使用ssh-keygen生成密钥对：

ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-copy-id user@server
ssh user@server

上面的工作正常-我可以SSH到服务器。

当我运行Perl代码时，当我使用密码保护的密钥时，会得到以下错误：

-16, LIBSSH2_ERROR_FILE, Unable to initialize private key from file

如果我尝试使用一个非密码保护的密钥，它的工作正常。

我安装了以下库：

Net::SSH2         0.35

libssh2-1         1.2.2-1
libssh2-1-dev     1.2.2-1
ssh               1:5.3p1-3ubuntu6
openssh-server    1:5.3p1-3ubuntu6
openssh-client    1:5.3p1-3ubuntu6
openssl           0.9.8k-7ubuntu8.6
libssl-dev        0.9.8k-7ubuntu8.6

情节使变厚

如果删除libssh2-1和libssh2-1-dev，就会得到一个错误，正如预期的那样：

Can't load '/usr/local/lib/perl/5.10.1/auto/Net/SSH2/SSH2.so'

如果然后从源代码构建libssh2，则无法重新安装Net::SSH2，因为它找不到开发头。但是，如果我重新安装libssh2-1和libssh2-1-dev，然后从源代码构建和安装libssh2，它就能工作。

这是否意味着在Ubuntu10.04上构建libssh2-1-dev是错误的？如果是这样的话，我如何从源代码安装libssh2并正确安装Net::SSH2，而不需要libssh2-1-dev。我假设源代码中的构建正在覆盖或覆盖Ubuntu包。

更新

正如在丹尼尔·斯坦伯格的答复中所指出的，Ubuntu10.04包现在有点过时了(版本1.2.2，而最新的稳定版本为1.2.8)。从Ubuntu包的源“顶部”安装libssh2解决了这个问题。不过，对我来说，这感觉很混乱。如何删除Ubuntu包，从源代码中安装libssh2，仍然构建Net::SSH2 2--如何告诉Net::SSH2 2在哪里找到libssh2开发头？

更新2

萨尔瓦 又来救了，并展示了如何将Net::SSH2 2安装程序配置为lib和include目录，以便可以与libssh2的源安装一起使用。谢谢萨尔瓦！注意，与修补Makefile.PL不同，只需覆盖Makefile.PL顶部的$lib和$inc变量就可以了。直到我看到萨尔瓦的补丁，我才意识到这一点。

Answer 1

我已经成功地登录到了一个服务器，它使用了来自Ubuntu11.04libnet-ssh2-perl包的带有Net::SSH2 2的通过短语保护的密钥。

无论如何，考虑使用Net::OpenSSH或Net::OpenSSH::Compat::SSH2 2而不是Net::SSH2 2。

Update：Net::OpenSSH::Compat::SSH2 2试图替代Net::SSH2 2。没有必要对应用程序进行修补才能尝试它：

perl -MNet::OpenSSH::Compat=Net::SSH2 yor_app.pl

Answer 2

当您从源包安装libssh2时，默认情况下它将在/usr/local中安装自己，而默认包安装在/usr中，这可能是它只找到已安装的“库存”版本的原因。

不幸的是，您的Ubuntu似乎有一个相当老的libssh2版本，因为从那以后它已经被修复了很多。

我建议使用libssh2-devel邮件列表来解决深入的libssh2问题。这是一个小而友好的社区。

Answer 3

我已经为Net::SSH2 2创建了一个补丁，它允许从命令行设置libssh2库和标头的位置。

下面是对libssh2 + Net::SSH2 2使用它的完整构建过程的捕获：

salva@leon:/tmp/salva$ wget http://www.libssh2.org/download/libssh2-1.2.8.tar.gz
--2011-05-27 11:21:10--  http://www.libssh2.org/download/libssh2-1.2.8.tar.gz
Resolving www.libssh2.org... 80.67.6.50
Connecting to www.libssh2.org|80.67.6.50|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 637707 (623K) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: `libssh2-1.2.8.tar.gz'

100%[================================================================================================================================================================================================>] 637,707      525K/s   in 1.2s    

2011-05-27 11:21:14 (525 KB/s) - `libssh2-1.2.8.tar.gz' saved [637707/637707]

salva@leon:/tmp/salva$ tar xzf libssh2-1.2.8.tar.gz 
salva@leon:/tmp/salva$ cd libssh2-1.2.8
salva@leon:/tmp/salva/libssh2-1.2.8$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libssh2
checking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... no
checking for sed... /bin/sed
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
...

salva@leon:/tmp/salva/libssh2-1.2.8$ make
Making all in src
make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/salva/libssh2-1.2.8/src'
make  all-am
make[2]: Entering directory `/tmp/salva/libssh2-1.2.8/src'
if /bin/bash ../libtool --tag=CC --mode=compile gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -I../include -I../src   -g -O2 -MT channel.lo -MD -MP -MF ".deps/channel.Tpo" -c -o channel.lo channel.c; \
    then mv -f ".deps/channel.Tpo" ".deps/channel.Plo"; else rm -f ".deps/channel.Tpo"; exit 1; fi
libtool: compile:  gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I../include -I../src -g -O2 -MT channel.lo -MD -MP -MF .deps/channel.Tpo -c channel.c  -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/channel.o
...

salva@leon:/tmp/salva/libssh2-1.2.8$ sudo make install
Making install in src
make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/salva/libssh2-1.2.8/src'
make[2]: Entering directory `/tmp/salva/libssh2-1.2.8/src'
test -z "/usr/local/libssh2/lib" || mkdir -p -- "/usr/local/libssh2/lib"
 /bin/bash ../libtool --mode=install /usr/bin/install -c  'libssh2.la' '/usr/local/libssh2/lib/libssh2.la'
libtool: install: /usr/bin/install -c .libs/libssh2.so.1.0.1 /usr/local/libssh2/lib/libssh2.so.1.0.1
...

salva@leon:/tmp/salva/libssh2-1.2.8$ cd ..
salva@leon:/tmp/salva$ wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/R/RK/RKITOVER/Net-SSH2-0.35.tar.gz
--2011-05-27 11:22:56--  http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/R/RK/RKITOVER/Net-SSH2-0.35.tar.gz
Resolving search.cpan.org... 207.115.101.144
Connecting to search.cpan.org|207.115.101.144|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: http://osl.ugr.es/CPAN/authors/id/R/RK/RKITOVER/Net-SSH2-0.35.tar.gz [following]
--2011-05-27 11:22:59--  http://osl.ugr.es/CPAN/authors/id/R/RK/RKITOVER/Net-SSH2-0.35.tar.gz
Resolving osl.ugr.es... 150.214.21.7
Connecting to osl.ugr.es|150.214.21.7|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 92434 (90K) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: `Net-SSH2-0.35.tar.gz'

100%[================================================================================================================================================================================================>] 92,434       328K/s   in 0.3s    

2011-05-27 11:22:59 (328 KB/s) - `Net-SSH2-0.35.tar.gz' saved [92434/92434]

salva@leon:/tmp/salva$ tar xzf Net-SSH2-0.35.tar.gz 
salva@leon:/tmp/salva$ cd Net-SSH2-0.35
salva@leon:/tmp/salva/Net-SSH2-0.35$ wget -q --no-check-certificate -O - https://github.com/salva/net-ssh2/commit/3c7261f4584137f4240d204731e20f709f1addb1.patch|patch -p1
patching file Makefile.PL
salva@leon:/tmp/salva/Net-SSH2-0.35$ perl Makefile.PL lib=/usr/local/libssh2/lib/ inc=/usr/local/libssh2/include/

The libssh2 library is required by this module.  If you don't have it, you can
download it from http://www.libssh2.org; you may also need OpenSSL, which can be
obtained from http://www.openssl.org.

Debian:   sudo aptitude install libssh2-1-dev
OpenSUSE: sudo zypper in libssh2-1 libssh2-devel

Checking if your kit is complete...
Looks good
Writing Makefile for Net::SSH2
salva@leon:/tmp/salva/Net-SSH2-0.35$ make
cp lib/Net/SSH2/File.pm blib/lib/Net/SSH2/File.pm
cp lib/Net/SSH2/PublicKey.pm blib/lib/Net/SSH2/PublicKey.pm
cp lib/Net/SSH2/Dir.pm blib/lib/Net/SSH2/Dir.pm
cp lib/Net/SSH2/SFTP.pm blib/lib/Net/SSH2/SFTP.pm
cp lib/Net/SSH2/Listener.pm blib/lib/Net/SSH2/Listener.pm
cp lib/Net/SSH2/Channel.pm blib/lib/Net/SSH2/Channel.pm
cp lib/Net/SSH2.pm blib/lib/Net/SSH2.pm
AutoSplitting blib/lib/Net/SSH2.pm (blib/lib/auto/Net/SSH2)
/usr/bin/perl "-Iinc" /usr/local/share/perl/5.10.1/ExtUtils/xsubpp  -typemap /usr/share/perl/5.10/ExtUtils/typemap -typemap typemap  SSH2.xs > SSH2.xsc && mv SSH2.xsc SSH2.c
cc -c  /usr/local/libssh2/include/ -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -DDEBIAN -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -fstack-protector -I/usr/local/include -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -O2 -g   -DVERSION=\"0.35\" -DXS_VERSION=\"0.35\" -fPIC "-I/usr/lib/perl/5.10/CORE"   SSH2.c
In file included from SSH2.xs:11:0:
ppport.h:3042:0: warning: "PERL_UNUSED_DECL" redefined
/usr/lib/perl/5.10/CORE/perl.h:330:0: note: this is the location of the previous definition
cc: /usr/local/libssh2/include/: linker input file unused because linking not done
Running Mkbootstrap for Net::SSH2 ()
chmod 644 SSH2.bs
rm -f blib/arch/auto/Net/SSH2/SSH2.so
LD_RUN_PATH="/usr/local/libssh2/lib:/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu" cc  -shared -O2 -g -L/usr/local/lib -fstack-protector SSH2.o  -o blib/arch/auto/Net/SSH2/SSH2.so     \
       -L/usr/local/libssh2/lib/ -lssh2 -lz -lssl -lcrypto      \

chmod 755 blib/arch/auto/Net/SSH2/SSH2.so
cp SSH2.bs blib/arch/auto/Net/SSH2/SSH2.bs
chmod 644 blib/arch/auto/Net/SSH2/SSH2.bs
Manifying blib/man3/Net::SSH2::File.3pm
Manifying blib/man3/Net::SSH2::Dir.3pm
Manifying blib/man3/Net::SSH2::PublicKey.3pm
Manifying blib/man3/Net::SSH2::SFTP.3pm
Manifying blib/man3/Net::SSH2::Listener.3pm
Manifying blib/man3/Net::SSH2::Channel.3pm
Manifying blib/man3/Net::SSH2.3pm
salva@leon:/tmp/salva/Net-SSH2-0.35$ ldd ./blib/arch/auto/Net/SSH2/SSH2.so
    linux-vdso.so.1 =>  (0x00007fff20abc000)
    libssh2.so.1 => /usr/local/libssh2/lib/libssh2.so.1 (0x00007f464d52f000)
    libz.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0x00007f464d317000)
    libssl.so.0.9.8 => /lib/libssl.so.0.9.8 (0x00007f464d09a000)
    libcrypto.so.0.9.8 => /lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.8 (0x00007f464cd0b000)
    libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f464c977000)
    libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f464c772000)
    /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f464d97e000)
salva@leon:/tmp/salva/Net-SSH2-0.35$ sudo make install
...