在使用StructLayout( LayoutKind.Explicit )调用带union的PInvoke结构时，我做了什么错事？

Question

以下是一个完整的程序。只要你不取消顶部的“#定义破坏”的注释，它就能正常工作。中断的原因是PInvoke未能正确组织工会。所讨论的INPUT_RECORD结构有许多子结构，可以根据EventType中的值使用这些子结构。

我不明白的是，当我只定义KEY_EVENT_RECORD的单个子结构时，它与偏移量4处的显式声明一起工作。但是，当我在相同偏移量处添加其他结构时，结构的内容就会完全消失。

//UNCOMMENT THIS LINE TO BREAK IT:
//#define BROKEN

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

class ConIOBroken
{
    static void Main()
    {
        int nRead = 0;
        IntPtr handle = GetStdHandle(-10 /*STD_INPUT_HANDLE*/);
        Console.Write("Press the letter: 'a': ");

        INPUT_RECORD record = new INPUT_RECORD();
        do
        {
            ReadConsoleInputW(handle, ref record, 1, ref nRead);
        } while (record.EventType != 0x0001/*KEY_EVENT*/);

        Assert.AreEqual((short)0x0001, record.EventType);
        Assert.AreEqual(true, record.KeyEvent.bKeyDown);
        Assert.AreEqual(0x00000000, record.KeyEvent.dwControlKeyState & ~0x00000020);//strip num-lock and test
        Assert.AreEqual('a', record.KeyEvent.UnicodeChar);
        Assert.AreEqual((short)0x0001, record.KeyEvent.wRepeatCount);
        Assert.AreEqual((short)0x0041, record.KeyEvent.wVirtualKeyCode);
        Assert.AreEqual((short)0x001e, record.KeyEvent.wVirtualScanCode);
    }

    static class Assert { public static void AreEqual(object x, object y) { if (!x.Equals(y)) throw new ApplicationException(); } }

    [DllImport("Kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern IntPtr GetStdHandle(int nStdHandle);

    [DllImport("Kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern bool ReadConsoleInputW(IntPtr hConsoleInput, ref INPUT_RECORD lpBuffer, int nLength, ref int lpNumberOfEventsRead);

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
    public struct INPUT_RECORD
    {
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public short EventType;
        //union {
        [FieldOffset(4)]
        public KEY_EVENT_RECORD KeyEvent;
#if BROKEN
        [FieldOffset(4)]
        public MOUSE_EVENT_RECORD MouseEvent;
        [FieldOffset(4)]
        public WINDOW_BUFFER_SIZE_RECORD WindowBufferSizeEvent;
        [FieldOffset(4)]
        public MENU_EVENT_RECORD MenuEvent;
        [FieldOffset(4)]
        public FOCUS_EVENT_RECORD FocusEvent;
        //}
#endif
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct KEY_EVENT_RECORD
    {
        public bool bKeyDown;
        public short wRepeatCount;
        public short wVirtualKeyCode;
        public short wVirtualScanCode;
        public char UnicodeChar;
        public int dwControlKeyState;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct MOUSE_EVENT_RECORD
    {
        public COORD dwMousePosition;
        public int dwButtonState;
        public int dwControlKeyState;
        public int dwEventFlags;
    };

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct WINDOW_BUFFER_SIZE_RECORD
    {
        public COORD dwSize;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct MENU_EVENT_RECORD
    {
        public int dwCommandId;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct FOCUS_EVENT_RECORD
    {
        public bool bSetFocus;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct COORD
    {
        public short X;
        public short Y;
    }
}

更新：

对于那些担心结构声明本身的人来说：

1. bool被视为32位值。
2. 对数据进行偏移(4)的原因是为了允许32位结构对齐，这防止了在偏移量2处开始合并。

再说一次，我的问题不是让PInvoke工作，而是想弄清楚为什么这些附加的结构(假定是在相同的偏移量下)通过简单地添加数据来增加数据。

Answer 1

​

//UNCOMMENT THIS LINE TO BREAK IT:
//#define BROKEN

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

class ConIOBroken
{
    static void Main()
    {
        int nRead = 0;
        IntPtr handle = GetStdHandle(-10 /STD_INPUT_HANDLE/);
        Console.Write("Press the letter: 'a': ");

    INPUT_RECORD record = new INPUT_RECORD();
    do
    {
        ReadConsoleInputW(handle, ref record, 1, ref nRead);
    } while (record.EventType != 0x0001/*KEY_EVENT*/);

    Assert.AreEqual((short)0x0001, record.EventType);
    Assert.AreEqual(1u, record.KeyEvent.bKeyDown);
    Assert.AreEqual(0x00000000, record.KeyEvent.dwControlKeyState & ~0x00000020);//strip num-lock and test
    Assert.AreEqual('a', record.KeyEvent.UnicodeChar);
    Assert.AreEqual((short)0x0001, record.KeyEvent.wRepeatCount);
    Assert.AreEqual((short)0x0041, record.KeyEvent.wVirtualKeyCode);
    Assert.AreEqual((short)0x001e, record.KeyEvent.wVirtualScanCode);
    return;
}

static class Assert { public static void AreEqual(object x, object y) { if (!x.Equals(y)) throw new ApplicationException(); } }

[DllImport("Kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
public static extern IntPtr GetStdHandle(int nStdHandle);

[DllImport("Kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool ReadConsoleInputW(IntPtr hConsoleInput, ref INPUT_RECORD lpBuffer, int nLength, ref int lpNumberOfEventsRead);

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
public struct INPUT_RECORD
{
    [FieldOffset(0)]
    public short EventType;
    //union {
    [FieldOffset(4)]
    public KEY_EVENT_RECORD KeyEvent;
    [FieldOffset(4)]
    public MOUSE_EVENT_RECORD MouseEvent;
    [FieldOffset(4)]
    public WINDOW_BUFFER_SIZE_RECORD WindowBufferSizeEvent;
    [FieldOffset(4)]
    public MENU_EVENT_RECORD MenuEvent;
    [FieldOffset(4)]
    public FOCUS_EVENT_RECORD FocusEvent;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct KEY_EVENT_RECORD
{
    public uint bKeyDown;
    public short wRepeatCount;
    public short wVirtualKeyCode;
    public short wVirtualScanCode;
    public char UnicodeChar;
    public int dwControlKeyState;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct MOUSE_EVENT_RECORD
{
    public COORD dwMousePosition;
    public int dwButtonState;
    public int dwControlKeyState;
    public int dwEventFlags;
};

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct WINDOW_BUFFER_SIZE_RECORD
{
    public COORD dwSize;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct MENU_EVENT_RECORD
{
    public int dwCommandId;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct FOCUS_EVENT_RECORD
{
    public uint bSetFocus;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct COORD
{
    public short X;
    public short Y;
}


}

Answer 2

我相信如果你把uint类型的bSetFocus和dwCommandId做好的话，它会起作用的。

在将来，请查看PInvoke维基以获得正确的签名。它通常是准确的，或者至少是一个很好的起点。

Answer 3

1)公共bool bKeyDown应该是Int32 bKeyDown，因为它是c++中的BOOL (4字节)

2)公共bool bSetFocus应该是Int32。