blocks|key|2170930|text|甲骨文自己的type拥有一个非常棒的存储库，可以处理http://asktom.oracle.com上所能想到的所有类型的性能问题。他通常会花时间重现具体的问题，并给出非常详细的解释。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|2170931|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://asktom.oracle.com/^0|Q|O|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

Oracle's very own Tom Kyte has a fantastic repository on every type of performance problem imaginable on <a href="http://asktom.oracle.com" rel="noreferrer">http://asktom.oracle.com</a>. He usually takes the time to recreate specific problems and gives very detailed explanations.

blocks|key|640251|text|这家伙对一个不一样的调查的回答可能是个好的开始。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|640252|MySQL的隐藏特征|offset|length|640253|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://stackoverflow.com/questions/368858/hidden-features-of-mysql/600830#600830^0|0|0|A|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@$D|P|E|Q|1|R]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|A|$L|M]]]]

This guy's answer to a not-the-same-inquiry is probably a good start.

<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/368858/hidden-features-of-mysql/600830#600830">Hidden Features of MySQL</a>

blocks|key|640365|text|还有一些给PostgreSQL的东西:官方维基的“性能优化”。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|640366|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://wiki.postgresql.org/|1|http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Performance_Optimization^0|L|2|0|O|6|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@$A|O|B|P|1|Q]|$A|R|B|S|1|T]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]|L|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|M]]]]

And something for PostgreSQL: <a href="http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Performance_Optimization" rel="noreferrer">"Performance Optimization"</a> at the official <a href="http://wiki.postgresql.org/" rel="noreferrer">wiki</a>.

blocks|key|854478|text|如果您正在使用Oracle数据库，本指南可能也会有所帮助。01/server.111/b+28274/toc.htm|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|854479|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28274/toc.htm^0|T|T|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

If you are using an Oracle database, this guide may also help.
<a href="http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28274/toc.htm" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28274/toc.htm</a>

blocks|key|2170618|text|对于MySQL，性能调优“圣经”是高性能MySQL|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|2170619|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596101718/^0|H|8|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

For MySQL, the performance tuning 'bible' is <a href="http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596101718/" rel="noreferrer">High Performance MySQL</a>

blocks|key|640529|text|快速PostgreSQL优化+(查询优化)|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|640530|简短的阅读，很好地解释了很多事情，并且“工作”了一个真正的例子，这对我们中那些学得更好的人来说是很好的。|640531|在查看到PostgreSQL的wiki链接之后，我想我会用mysql/甲骨文文档的链接编辑这篇文章，这并不是一个具体的优化指南，但两者都是很好的资源，特别是mysql的。用于优化和任何其他调优功能。|640532|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.mohawksoft.org/?q=node/56|1|http://dev.mysql.com/doc/|2|http://www.oracle.com/technology/documentation/index.html^0|0|E|0|0|0|T|5|1|Z|3|2|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@$A|U|B|V|1|W]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@$A|Z|B|10|1|11]|$A|12|B|13|1|14]]|C|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|I|$J|$5|K|L|M|C|$N|O]]|P|$5|K|L|M|C|$N|Q]]|R|$5|K|L|M|C|$N|S]]]]

<a href="http://www.mohawksoft.org/?q=node/56" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Quick PostgreSQL Optimization</a> (query optimizing)

Short read, explains a lot of things well and 'works' a real example which is nice for those of us that learn better that way.

After seeing the wiki link to PostgreSQL, figured I'd edit this post with links for <a href="http://dev.mysql.com/doc/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">mysql</a>/<a href="http://www.oracle.com/technology/documentation/index.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">oracle</a> docs, not really an optimization guides specifically but both are good resources, especially the mysql one. For optimization and any other tuning features.

blocks|key|853971|text|所以这里有一个很好的：如何解释查询的解释计划？|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|853972|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://stackoverflow.com/questions/79266/how-do-you-interpret-a-querys-explain-plan^0|B|C|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

SO has a good one here: <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/79266/how-do-you-interpret-a-querys-explain-plan">How do you interpret a query’s explain plan?</a>

blocks|key|2170739|text|在MySQL网站上可以找到很多好的http://www.mysqlperformanceblog.com/技巧。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|2170740|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.mysqlperformanceblog.com/^0|H|10|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

A lot of good MySQL specific tips can be found at <a href="http://www.mysqlperformanceblog.com/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://www.mysqlperformanceblog.com/</a>

blocks|key|854507|text|我想补充的是，除了从理论上对数据库进行调优之外，您还应该使用跟踪SQL调用的分析器来分析应用程序。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|854508|尽管你的意图是好的，但一些坏电话会潜入你的应用程序中，并且经常会导致90%25的性能问题。|854509|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

I would add that besides having your database theoretically tuned, you should profile your application using a profiler that tracks SQL calls. 

Despite your best intentions, a few bad calls will sneak into your application and will often cause 90% of your performance-related problems.

blocks|key|2170988|text|书:甲骨文性能疑难解答(Antognini+)|type|unordered-list-item|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2170989|unstyled|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|C|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|D|$]]

<ul>
<li>Book: Troubleshooting Oracle Performance (Antognini Christian)</li>
</ul>

blocks|key|854349|text|如果您正在寻找Server特定的性能调优参考，那么在线上就会有大量的高质量资源可供使用，从实现诸如分区等特定技术的白皮书到详细介绍如何优化SQL服务器平台的详细信息的优秀博客。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|854350|无耻的插件如下:您可以通过查看我个人博客的性能调优区域来开始您的研究，或者对于任何特定的Server要求/问题，可以随意解雇我一封电子邮件。|854351|Server资源|offset|length|854352|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.johnsansom.com/^0|0|0|0|8|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@$F|S|G|T|1|U]]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|I|$J|$5|K|L|M|A|$N|O]]]]

If you are looking for SQL Server specific Performance tuning references there are an absolute shed load of quality resources available online, ranging from white papers on implementing specific technologies such as partitioning, to excellent Blogs that detail step by step instruction on how to performance tune a sql server platform.

Shameless plug follows: You can start you research by reviewing the performance tuning area of my personal Blog, or for any specific SQL Server requirements/issues feel free to fire me an email.

<a href="http://www.johnsansom.com" rel="nofollow noreferrer">SQL Server Resources</a>

blocks|key|2170726|text|MSSQL特定信息的Server性能体面站点。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|2170727|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.sql-server-performance.com/index.aspx^0|A|8|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

<a href="http://www.sql-server-performance.com/index.aspx" rel="nofollow noreferrer">SQL Server Performance</a>
Decent site for MSSQL specific info.

blocks|key|640769|text|http://explain.depesz.com/|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|640770|帮助您解释PostgreSQL的解释分析输出。|unordered-list-item|style|BOLD|640771|表演技巧文档中的整个PostgreSQL章节值得一读。|640772|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|1|http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/using-explain|2|http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/performance-tips.html^0|0|Q|0|0|5|A|G|4|1|0|0|4|2|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@$A|W|B|X|1|Y]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|Z|8|@$A|10|B|11|G|H]]|9|@$A|12|B|13|1|14]]|C|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|15|8|@]|9|@$A|16|B|17|1|18]]|C|$]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|19|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|L|$M|$5|N|O|P|C|$Q|4]]|R|$5|N|O|P|C|$Q|S]]|T|$5|N|O|P|C|$Q|U]]]]

<h2><a href="http://explain.depesz.com/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://explain.depesz.com/</a></h2>

<ul>
<li>helps you interpret PostgreSQL's <a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/using-explain" rel="nofollow noreferrer">EXPLAIN ANALYZE</a> output.</li>
</ul>

The whole <a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/performance-tips.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Performance Tips</a> chapter in the PostgreSQL docs is worth reading.

blocks|key|640833|text|如何使用识别运行缓慢的查询是关于如何识别运行缓慢的查询的一个很好的教程。这将使人们能够把注意力集中在最需要的地方。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|640834|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.simple-talk.com/sql/performance/how-to-identify-slow-running-queries-with-sql-profiler/^0|0|D|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

<a href="http://www.simple-talk.com/sql/performance/how-to-identify-slow-running-queries-with-sql-profiler/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">How to Identify Slow Running Queries with SQL Profiler</a> is a good tutorial on how to go about identifying slow running queries. This will allow one to focus their attention where it is most needed.

blocks|key|854020|text|“SQLPerformance调优”result&ct=result&resnum=4涵盖了大多数主要DBMS+--如何编写高性能的跨平台SQL查询等等。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|854021|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://books.google.com/books?id=3H9CC54qYeEC&dq=sql%2Bperformance%2Btuning&printsec=frontcover&source=bn&hl=en&ei=1dDoSYmjMOrlnQfX-bSYBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4^0|I|P|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

"SQL Performance Tuning" <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=3H9CC54qYeEC&amp;dq=sql+performance+tuning&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=bn&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=1dDoSYmjMOrlnQfX-bSYBw&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=4" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://books.google.com/books?id=3H9CC54qYeEC&amp;dq=sql+performance+tuning&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=bn&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=1dDoSYmjMOrlnQfX-bSYBw&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=4</a> covers most of the major DBMS -- how to write high performing cross platform SQL queries, etc.

blocks|key|854063|text|沙普布是MySQL+DBA的必读博客。作者写了一本关于高性能MySQL的书|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|854064|对于很少使用Sybase+SQL的人来说，我只能推荐Breck+Carter的博客和他的SQL+9开发人员指南。|854065|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.xaprb.com/blog/|1|https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0596101716|2|http://sqlanywhere.blogspot.com/|3|https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/1556225067^0|0|3|0|R|8|1|0|Q|F|2|18|B|3|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@$A|U|B|V|1|W]|$A|X|B|Y|1|Z]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@$A|11|B|12|1|13]|$A|14|B|15|1|16]]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|17|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|M]]|N|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|O]]|P|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|Q]]|R|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|S]]]]

<a href="http://www.xaprb.com/blog/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Xaprb</a> is a must-read blog for MySQL DBAs. The author has written a book on <a href="https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0596101716" rel="nofollow noreferrer" rel="nofollow noreferrer">high-performance MySQL</a>

For the happy few working with Sybase SQL Anywhere I can only recommend <a href="http://sqlanywhere.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Breck Carter's blog</a> and his <a href="https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/1556225067" rel="nofollow noreferrer" rel="nofollow noreferrer">SQL Anywhere Studio 9 Developer's Guide</a>

blocks|key|640539|text|http://www.javaperformancetuning.com/tips/jdbc.shtml|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|640540|http://www.google.com/search?q=database%2Bperformance%2Btuning|640541|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|1|http://www.google.com/search?q=database%2Bperformance%2Btuning^0|0|1G|0|0|0|1M|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@$A|P|B|Q|1|R]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@$A|T|B|U|1|V]]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|4]]|M|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|N]]]]

<a href="http://www.javaperformancetuning.com/tips/jdbc.shtml" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://www.javaperformancetuning.com/tips/jdbc.shtml</a> 
<a href="http://www.google.com/search?q=database+performance+tuning" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://www.google.com/search?q=database+performance+tuning</a>

blocks|key|2170849|text|这是另一本备受推崇的书，它与平台无关：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2170850|丹·托(+Dan+)的SQL调优:生成最佳执行计划|offset|length|2170851|包含一些关于Oracle、MS和IBM的具体示例，但是所涉及的技术也应该适用于其他平台。|2170852|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://books.google.com/books?id=pKXF7UU0gBYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=sql%252Btuning^0|0|B|E|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@$D|R|E|S|1|T]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|I|$J|$5|K|L|M|A|$N|O]]]]

Here is another highly-regarded book that is platform-neutral:

Dan Tow's <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=pKXF7UU0gBYC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=sql%2Btuning" rel="nofollow noreferrer">SQL Tuning: Generating Optimal Execution Plans</a>

Contains some specific examples for Oracle, MS SQL, and IBM DB2, but the techniques involved should apply to other platforms, too.

blocks|key|640582|text|对于Server，我主要使用：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|640583|布伦特·奥扎尔的优化页面|unordered-list-item|offset|length|640584|SqlServerPedia的Perf优化页面|640585|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.brentozar.com/sql-server-performance-tuning/|1|http://sqlserverpedia.com/wiki/Performance_Tuning^0|0|0|C|0|0|0|N|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|T|8|@]|9|@$E|U|F|V|1|W]]|A|$]]|$1|G|3|H|5|D|7|X|8|@]|9|@$E|Y|F|Z|1|10]]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|J|$K|$5|L|M|N|A|$O|P]]|Q|$5|L|M|N|A|$O|R]]]]

For SQL Server, I primarily use:

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.brentozar.com/sql-server-performance-tuning/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Brent Ozar's Perf Tuning Page</a></li>
<li><a href="http://sqlserverpedia.com/wiki/Performance_Tuning" rel="nofollow noreferrer">SqlServerPedia's Perf Tuning Page</a></li>
</ul>

blocks|key|854597|text|当我看到这种快速查看Oracle下正在调优的SQL语句所发生的事情时，我感到非常高兴。将下面的第一个SQL语句更改为SELECT语句，并将提示保留在其中。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|854598|SELECT+/*%2B+GATHER_PLAN_STATISTICS+*/+*+FROM+DUAL;

SELECT+*+FROM+TABLE(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(+NULL,+NULL,+'RUNSTATS_LAST'))
;

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
-----------------------------------------------------
SQL_ID++5z36y0tq909a8,+child+number+0
-------------------------------------
SELECT+/*%2B+GATHER_PLAN_STATISTICS+*/+*+FROM+DUAL

Plan+hash+value:+272002086

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%7C+Id++%7C+Operation+++++++++%7C+Name+%7C+Starts+%7C+E-Rows+%7C+A-Rows+%7C+++A-Time+++%7C+Buffers+%7C+Reads++%7C
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%7C+++1+%7C++TABLE+ACCESS+FULL%7C+DUAL+%7C++++++1+%7C++++++1+%7C++++++1+%7C00:00:00.02+%7C+++++++3+%7C++++++2+%7C
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


12+rows+selected.|code-block|syntax|javascript|854599|其中：|854600|E行是估计行.|unordered-list-item|854601|A-行是实际的行.|854602|A-时间就是实际时间。|854603|缓冲区是实际的缓冲区。|854604|如果估计的计划与实际执行的计划相差数量级，您就会知道您有问题。|854605|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|K|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|K|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|N|3|O|5|K|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|P|3|Q|5|K|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|R|3|S|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|T|3|-4|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|U|$]]

I was pretty happy when I saw this way of quickly seeing what happened with a SQL statement you are tuning under Oracle. Change the first SQL statement below to your SELECT statement and keep that hint in there.

<pre><code>SELECT /*+ GATHER_PLAN_STATISTICS */ * FROM DUAL;

SELECT * FROM TABLE(dbms_xplan.display_cursor( NULL, NULL, 'RUNSTATS_LAST'))
;

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
-----------------------------------------------------
SQL_ID 5z36y0tq909a8, child number 0
-------------------------------------
SELECT /*+ GATHER_PLAN_STATISTICS */ * FROM DUAL

Plan hash value: 272002086

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows | A-Time | Buffers | Reads |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| DUAL | 1 | 1 | 1 |00:00:00.02 | 3 | 2 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


12 rows selected.
</code></pre>

Where:

<ul>
<li>E-Rows is estimated rows.</li>
<li>A-Rows is actual rows.</li>
<li>A-Time is actual time.</li>
<li>Buffers is actual buffers.</li>
</ul>

Where the estimated plan varies from the actual execution by orders of magnitude, you know you have problems.

blocks|key|640742|text|对于与甲骨文合作的人，我推荐这个链接.|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|640743|01/server.102/b+14200/toc.htm|offset|length|640744|根据我在Oracle数据库开发方面的经验，我发现，积累关于如何使用SQL、sql如何工作和知道什么是可用的知识(提供的函数、从上一个版本中不知道存在或增强的子句)意味着我需要花费更少的时间来调优sql。|640745|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14200/toc.htm^0|0|0|T|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@$D|R|E|S|1|T]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|I|$J|$5|K|L|M|A|$N|O]]]]

For people working with Oracle I recommend this link.............

<a href="http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14200/toc.htm" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14200/toc.htm</a>

From my experiences with Oracle database development, I have found that building up a knowledge of how to use SQL, how it works and knowing what is available (supplied functions, clauses that you didn't know existed or enhanced from the last version) means I spend a lot less time having to tune sql.

blocks|key|854566|text|首先，我要了解数据库在基本水平上是如何工作的。如何将数据存储在磁盘上，创建索引做什么，查询计划优化如何工作，计划是如何缓存的，缓存的计划何时过期。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|854567|如果您可以将所有这些提交到内存中，那么有关调优的大部分建议似乎都是显而易见的。|854568|这是一本关于MSSQL的好书|854569|SQL+Server内部构件|offset|length|854570|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0735626243^0|0|0|0|0|E|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@$H|V|I|W|1|X]]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|-4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|K|$L|$5|M|N|O|A|$P|Q]]]]

I'd start out by understanding how the database works at a fundamental level. How is data stored on disk, what does creating an index do, how does query plan optimization work, how are plans cached, when to cached plans expire.

If you can commit all that to memory, most of the advice about tuning seems obvious.

Here's a great book for MSSQL

<a href="https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0735626243" rel="nofollow noreferrer" rel="nofollow noreferrer">SQL Server Internals</a>

blocks|key|2171222|text|对于甲骨文，基于成本的甲骨文:基本面+by+乔纳森·刘易斯。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|2171223|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.jlcomp.demon.co.uk/cbo_book/ind_book.html|1|http://jonathanlewis.wordpress.com/^0|6|C|0|M|7|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@$A|O|B|P|1|Q]|$A|R|B|S|1|T]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]|L|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|M]]]]

For Oracle, <a href="http://www.jlcomp.demon.co.uk/cbo_book/ind_book.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Cost-Based Oracle: Fundamentals</a> by <a href="http://jonathanlewis.wordpress.com/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Jonathan Lewis</a>.

blocks|key|2171240|text|有时，您需要知道如何解决问题一旦确定。这将显示如何用基于集合的操作(+他们+)替换性能差的游标。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|2171241|它是特定于Server的，但许多技术也可能转换到其他dbs。|2171242|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://wiki.lessthandot.com/index.php/Cursors_and_How_to_Avoid_Them^0|Z|2|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@$A|O|B|P|1|Q]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|M]]]]

Sometimes you need to know to how to fix the problem once it is identified. This will show ways to replace a badly performing cursor with a set-based operation:
<a href="http://wiki.lessthandot.com/index.php/Cursors_and_How_to_Avoid_Them" rel="nofollow">http://wiki.lessthandot.com/index.php/Cursors_and_How_to_Avoid_Them</a>

It was specific to SQL Server but many of the techniques might transalte to other dbs as well.

blocks|key|2171391|text|对于Microsoft，我推荐Kalen+(等人)的书，名为"Inside+SQL+Server“。它们很好地洞察了Server的内部结构，从而让读者了解为什么特定语句可能比其他语句更快。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2171392|SQL+Server+7.0内部|offset|length|2171393|SQL+Server+2000内部|2171394|2005内部|2171395|Microsoft+SQL+Server+2008内部组件|2171396|还有一本书专门讨论Server+2008查询的性能调优：SQL+Server性能优化|2171397|我也喜欢保罗·兰德尔和金伯利·特里普在SQLSkills.com上的博客。它们充满了坚实的SQL建议：|2171398|保罗的博客|2171399|金伯利的博客|2171400|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0735605173|1|https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0735609985|2|https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0735621969|3|https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0735626243|4|https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/1430219025|5|http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/|6|http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/kimberly/^0|0|0|G|0|0|0|H|1|0|0|6|2|0|0|T|3|0|S|E|4|0|0|0|5|5|0|0|6|6|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|1E|8|@]|9|@$D|1F|E|1G|1|1H]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|1I|8|@]|9|@$D|1J|E|1K|1|1L]]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|1M|8|@]|9|@$D|1N|E|1O|1|1P]]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|1Q|8|@]|9|@$D|1R|E|1S|1|1T]]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|6|7|1U|8|@]|9|@$D|1V|E|1W|1|1X]]|A|$]]|$1|N|3|O|5|6|7|1Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|P|3|Q|5|6|7|1Z|8|@]|9|@$D|20|E|21|1|22]]|A|$]]|$1|R|3|S|5|6|7|23|8|@]|9|@$D|24|E|25|1|26]]|A|$]]|$1|T|3|-4|5|6|7|27|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|U|$V|$5|W|X|Y|A|$Z|10]]|11|$5|W|X|Y|A|$Z|12]]|13|$5|W|X|Y|A|$Z|14]]|15|$5|W|X|Y|A|$Z|16]]|17|$5|W|X|Y|A|$Z|18]]|19|$5|W|X|Y|A|$Z|1A]]|1B|$5|W|X|Y|A|$Z|1C]]]]

For Microsoft SQL, I'd recommend the books by Kalen Delaney (et al) called "Inside SQL Server". They offer a good insight into the internals of SQL Server, thus allowing readers to educate themselves on why particular statements might be faster than others.

<a href="https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0735605173" rel="nofollow noreferrer" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Inside SQL Server 7.0</a> 
<a href="https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0735609985" rel="nofollow noreferrer" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Inside SQL Server 2000</a> 
<a href="https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0735621969" rel="nofollow noreferrer" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Inside Microsoft SQL Server 2005</a> 
<a href="https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0735626243" rel="nofollow noreferrer" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Internals</a> 

There's also a book dedicated to performance tuning of SQL Server 2008 queries:
<a href="https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/1430219025" rel="nofollow noreferrer" rel="nofollow noreferrer">SQL Server Performance Tuning Distilled</a> 

I also like the blogs by Paul Randal and Kimberly Tripp on SQLSkills.com. They are full of solid SQL advice:

<a href="http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Paul's blog</a> 
<a href="http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/kimberly/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Kimberly's blog</a>

blocks|key|2171426|text|对于Server性能优化，Itzik是一个传奇。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2171427|你可以在这里找到他的许多详细的书，都用他通常的经验性测量来证明他的案例：http://tsql.solidq.com/books/index.htm。|offset|length|2171428|如果您正在寻找解决term问题的最快方法，请在google搜索术语中添加“itzik”一词。|2171429|Itzik已经被提到了在堆叠溢出上超过600次，但是我无法相信在这个性能调优问题上没有一个人提到他。|2171430|作为额外的资源，您还可以找到一些Itzik在youtube上谈论与性能有关的东西的视频。|2171431|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://tsql.solidq.com/books/index.htm|1|https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=site%253astackoverflow.com%2Bitzik%2Bben-gan|2|https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=itzik%2520ben-gan&oq=itzik%2520ben-gan&gs_l=youtube.3...0.0.0.8225.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0..0.0...0.0...1ac..11.youtube.^0|0|10|12|0|0|0|B|C|1|0|G|O|2|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@$D|Z|E|10|1|11]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@$D|14|E|15|1|16]]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|17|8|@]|9|@$D|18|E|19|1|1A]]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|-4|5|6|7|1B|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|M|$N|$5|O|P|Q|A|$R|S]]|T|$5|O|P|Q|A|$R|U]]|V|$5|O|P|Q|A|$R|W]]]]

For SQL Server performance tuning, Itzik Ben-Gan is a legend. 

You can find his many detailed books here, all with his usual style of empirical measurement to prove his case: <a href="http://tsql.solidq.com/books/index.htm" rel="nofollow">http://tsql.solidq.com/books/index.htm</a>

If you're searching for the fastest solution to a t-sql problem add the word 'itzik' to your google search term.

Itzik Ben-Gan has been mentioned <a href="https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=site%3astackoverflow.com+itzik+ben-gan" rel="nofollow">over 600 times here on stackoverflow</a>, but I couldn't believe it to find not a single mention of him here on this performance tuning question.

As an additional resource, you can also find some videos of <a href="https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=itzik%20ben-gan&amp;oq=itzik%20ben-gan&amp;gs_l=youtube.3...0.0.0.8225.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0..0.0...0.0...1ac..11.youtube." rel="nofollow">Itzik talking about performance related stuff here on youtube</a>.

blocks|key|854783|text|Oracle站点|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|854784|2天性能调整指南01/server.112/e+10822/toc.htm|ordered-list-item|offset|length|854785|性能调优指南01/server.1111/e16638/toc.htm|854786|甲骨文书籍|854787|Oracle+Core:+DBA和开发人员的基本内部结构|854788|专家Oracle数据库体系结构:+Thomas+Kyte的Oracle数据库9i、10g和11g编程技术和解决方案|854789|丹·托的SQL调优|854790|Oracle数据库11g第2版性能调优技巧(Oracle出版社)|854791|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e10822/toc.htm|1|http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E36909_01/server.1111/e16638/toc.htm^0|0|8|T|0|0|6|T|1|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|13|8|@]|9|@$E|14|F|15|1|16]]|A|$]]|$1|G|3|H|5|D|7|17|8|@]|9|@$E|18|F|19|1|1A]]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|1B|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|D|7|1C|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|D|7|1D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|D|7|1E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|D|7|1F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|S|3|-4|5|6|7|1G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|T|$U|$5|V|W|X|A|$Y|Z]]|10|$5|V|W|X|A|$Y|11]]]]

Oracle sites

<ol>
<li>2 day performance tuning guide <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e10822/toc.htm" rel="nofollow">http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e10822/toc.htm</a></li>
<li>Performance Tuning Guide <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E36909_01/server.1111/e16638/toc.htm" rel="nofollow">http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E36909_01/server.1111/e16638/toc.htm</a></li>
</ol>

Oracle books

<ol>
<li>Oracle Core: Essential Internals for DBAs and Developers by Jonathan Lewis</li>
<li>Expert Oracle Database Architecture: Oracle Database 9i, 10g, and 11g Programming Techniques and Solutions by Thomas Kyte</li>
<li>SQL Tuning by Dan Tow</li>
<li>Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Performance Tuning Tips &amp; Techniques (Oracle Press) by Richard Niemiec</li>
</ol>

What good resources exist for understanding database tuning on the major engines and advancing your knowledge in that area?

The idea of this question is to collect the shed load of resources that invariably exist, so that people can have a "one stop" knowledge shop of the good, peer approved resources.

<hr />

General SQL

<ul>
<li><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=3H9CC54qYeEC&amp;dq=sql+performance+tuning&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=bn&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=1dDoSYmjMOrlnQfX-bSYBw&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=4" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Book: SQL Performance Tuning</a></li>
<li><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=pKXF7UU0gBYC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=sql%2Btuning" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Book: SQL Tuning</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0596008945" rel="nofollow noreferrer" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Book: The Art of SQL</a></li>
<li><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=gjyd3IOrwz4C&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=refactoring%20sql%20applications&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Book: Refactoring SQL Applications</a></li>
<li><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=1CJdgVO8PwAC&amp;lpg=PR21&amp;dq=database%20tuning%20principles&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Book: Database tuning: principles, experiments, and troubleshooting techniques</a></li>
<li><a href="http://Use-The-Index-Luke.com/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Use The Index, Luke! - A Guide to database performance for developers</a></li>
</ul>

PostgreSQL (<a href="http://wiki.postgresql.org/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">wiki</a>) (<a href="http://www.pgsql.ru/db/pgsearch/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">PGsearch</a>)

<ul>
<li><a href="http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Performance_Optimization" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Performance Optimization</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.mohawksoft.org/?q=node/56" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Quick PostgreSQL Optimization</a></li>
<li><a href="http://explain.depesz.com/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Explain Analyze Interpreter</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/performance-tips.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">PostgreSQL Performance Tips</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.packtpub.com/postgresql-90-high-performance/book" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Book: PostgreSQL 9.0 High Performance</a></li>
</ul>

MySQL

<ul>
<li><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/368858/hidden-features-of-mysql">Hidden Features of MySQL</a></li>
<li><a href="http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596101718/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Book: High Performance MySQL</a> / <a href="http://www.mysqlperformanceblog.com/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Blog: High Performance MySQL</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.xaprb.com/blog/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Blog: Xaprb (for MySQL DBAs)</a></li>
</ul>

Oracle

<ul>
<li><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/34975420/146325">How to ask Oracle tuning questions on StackOverflow</a></li>
<li><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/79266/how-do-you-interpret-a-querys-explain-plan">How do you interpret a query's explain plan?</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.ixora.com.au/scripts/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Oracle Advanced Tuning Scripts</a></li>
<li><a href="http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28274/toc.htm" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Oracle Database Performance Tuning Guide</a></li>
<li><a href="http://asktom.oracle.com" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Ask Tom</a></li>
<li><a href="http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14200/toc.htm" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Oracle Database SQL Reference</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.amazon.ca/Troubleshooting-Oracle-Performance-Christian-Antognini/dp/1590599179" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Book: Understanding Oracle Performance</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/059600527X" rel="nofollow noreferrer" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Book: Optimizing Oracle Performance</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/1590599179" rel="nofollow noreferrer" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Book: Troubleshooting Oracle Performance</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/1590596366" rel="nofollow noreferrer" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Book: Cost-Based Oracle Fundamentals</a></li>
</ul>

MS SQL Server

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.sql-server-performance.com/index.aspx" rel="nofollow noreferrer">SQL Server Performance</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://downloads.red-gate.com/ebooks/HighPerformanceSQL_ebook.zip" rel="nofollow noreferrer">eBook: High Performance SQL Server</a></li>
<li><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/103423/what-are-the-best-sql-server-performance-optimization-techniques">SO Question: What are the best SQL Server performance optimization techniques?</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.brentozar.com/sql-server-performance-tuning/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Brent Ozar's Perf Tuning Page</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.toadworld.com/platforms/sql-server/w/wiki/9805.performance-tuning.aspx" rel="nofollow noreferrer">SqlServerPedia's Perf Tuning Page</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0735626243" rel="nofollow noreferrer" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Book: Sql Server 2008 Internals</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.simple-talk.com/sql/performance/how-to-identify-slow-running-queries-with-sql-profiler/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">How to Identify Slow Running Queries with SQL Profiler</a></li>
</ul>

Sybase SQL Anywhere

<ul>
<li><a href="http://sqlanywhere.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Blog: SQL Anywhere</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/1556225067" rel="nofollow noreferrer" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Book: SQL Anywhere Studio 9 Developer's Guide</a></li>
</ul>

JDBC

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.javaperformancetuning.com/tips/jdbc.shtml" rel="nofollow noreferrer">JDBC Performance Tips</a></li>
</ul>

What resources exist for Database performance-tuning?

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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