如何以编程方式查找已安装包的详细信息(pip显示等效)？

Question

我知道有一个命令pip show用于这个目的，但我想知道是否可以通过执行import pip来获取详细信息？当您运行pip show时，它给出的信息如下：

pip show requests
Name: requests
Version: 2.26.0
Summary: Python HTTP for Humans.
Home-page: https://requests.readthedocs.io
Author: Kenneth Reitz
Author-email: me@kennethreitz.org
License: Apache 2.0
Location: /anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages
Requires: urllib3, certifi, charset-normalizer, idna
Required-by: yarg, wordpress-api, WooCommerce, web3, vvm, tweepy, tika, stellar-sdk, stellar-base-sseclient, Sphinx, spacy, smart-open, requests-toolbelt, requests-oauthlib, requests-html, python3-nmap, python-binance, pyArango, poetry, pigar, pandas-datareader, MechanicalSoup, mara-pipelines, kubernetes, ipfshttpclient, hdfs, google-cloud-storage, google-api-core, discum, conda, conda-build, ccxt, CacheControl, browsermob-proxy, bravado, apache-beam, anaconda-project, anaconda-client, alpha-vantage, facebook-sdk

我需要Required-by字段的数据。

Answer 1

通过使用pip源代码，我发现了下面的解决方案，它适用于Python3.8.1和pip21.0.1。

from pip._internal.commands.show import search_packages_info as search_packages_info
    
package_name='requests'

# here I use next, because search_packages_info returns a generator
package_info=next(search_packages_info([package_name]))
required_by=package_info['required_by']

示例输出(它依赖于使用的python环境)

['requests-unixsocket', 'pysolr', 'jupyterlab-server']

Answer 2

import pip

def show(package):
    if hasattr(pip, 'main'):
        pip.main(['show', package])
    else:
        pip._internal.main(['show', package])

show('requests')

或者更好地使用当前运行时：

import subprocess
import sys

def show(package):
    subprocess.check_call([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "show", package])
    
    
show('requests')

答案受到这个答案的启发(过度劳累)