mkfs.vfat:无法打开{分区}：没有这样的文件或目录(命令成功，但抛出此错误并阻塞其余的脚本)

Question

更新:我得到了这个工作，但仍然不能百分之百确定原因。我已将完整和一致的工作脚本附加到末尾，以供参考。

我试图使用sgdisk和mkfs.vfat编写一系列磁盘分区命令的脚本。我正在使用Live (NixOS 21 USB )，有一个空白的1TBM.2 SSD，并且正在创建一个1GB的EFI引导分区和一个999GB的ZFS分区。

直到我尝试在EFI分区上创建一个FAT32文件系统(使用mkfs.vfat )为止，一切都在进行，在这个分区中，我得到了标题中的错误。

然而，奇怪的是，mkfs.vfat命令成功了，但还是抛出了这个错误，并阻塞了脚本的其余部分。知道它为什么要这么做吗?怎么解决它？

从未格式化的1TB M.2 SSD开始：

$  sudo parted /dev/disk/by-id/wwn-0x5001b448b94488f8 print
Error: /dev/sda: unrecognised disk label
Model: ATA WDC WDS100T2B0B- (scsi)                                        
Disk /dev/sda: 1000GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: unknown
Disk Flags: 

剧本：

$ ls
total 4
drwxr-xr-x  2 nixos users   60 May 18 20:25 .
drwx------ 17 nixos users  360 May 18 15:24 ..
-rwxr-xr-x  1 nixos users 2225 May 18 19:59 partition.sh

$  cat partition.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
#make gpt partition table and boot & rpool partitions for ZFS on 1TB M.2 SSD

#error handling on
set -e

#wipe the disk with -Z, then create two partitions, a 1GB (945GiB) EFI boot partition, and a ZFS root partition consisting of the rest of the drive, then print the results
DISK=/dev/disk/by-id/wwn-0x5001b448b94488f8
sgdisk -Z $DISK
sgdisk -n 1:0:+954M -t 1:EF00 -c 1:efi $DISK
sgdisk -n 2:0:0 -t 2:BF01 -c 2:zroot $DISK
sgdisk -p /dev/sda

#make a FAT32 filesystem on the EFI partition, then mount it
#mkfs.vfat -F 32 ${DISK}-part1 (troubleshooting with hardcoded version below)
mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/disk/by-id/wwn-0x5001b448b94488f8-part1
mkdir -p /mnt/boot
mount ${DISK}-part1 /mnt/boot

结果(一切都很好，直到mkfs.vfat，它会抛出错误并阻塞脚本的其余部分)：

$  sudo sh partition.sh
GPT data structures destroyed! You may now partition the disk using fdisk or
other utilities.
Creating new GPT entries in memory.
Setting name!
partNum is 0
The operation has completed successfully.
Setting name!
partNum is 1
The operation has completed successfully.
Disk /dev/sda: 1953525168 sectors, 931.5 GiB
Model: WDC WDS100T2B0B-
Sector size (logical/physical): 512/512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 77ED6A41-E722-4FFB-92EC-975A37DBCB97
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
Main partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 33
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 1953525134
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 2014 sectors (1007.0 KiB)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1            2048         1955839   954.0 MiB   EF00  efi
   2         1955840      1953525134   930.6 GiB   BF01  zroot
mkfs.fat 4.1 (2017-01-24)
mkfs.vfat: unable to open /dev/disk/by-id/wwn-0x5001b448b94488f8-part1: No such file or directory

验证分区和FAT32创建命令的有效性：

$ sudo parted /dev/disk/by-id/wwn-0x5001b448b94488f8 print
Model: ATA WDC WDS100T2B0B- (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 1000GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name   Flags
 1      1049kB  1001MB  1000MB  fat32        efi    boot, esp
 2      1001MB  1000GB  999GB                zroot

Fwiw，相同的命令在命令行上工作，没有错误：

$  sudo mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/disk/by-id/wwn-0x5001b448b94488f8-part1
mkfs.fat 4.1 (2017-01-24)

成功。但是为什么命令行上没有错误，而脚本中有错误呢？

更新:完全一致的工作脚本：

#!/usr/bin/env bash
#make UEFI (GPT) partition table and two partitions (FAT32 boot and ZFS rpool) on 1TB M.2 SSD

#error handling on
set -e

#vars
DISK=/dev/disk/by-id/wwn-0x5001b448b94488f8
POOL='rpool'

#0. if /mnt/boot is mounted, umount it; if any NixOS filesystems are mounted, unmount them
if mount -l | grep -q '/mnt/boot'; then
  umount -f /mnt/boot
fi
if mount -l | grep -q '/mnt/nix'; then
  umount -fR /mnt
fi

#1. if a zfs pool exists, delete it
if zpool list | grep -q $POOL; then
  zfs unmount -a
  zpool export $POOL
  zpool destroy -f $POOL
fi

#2. wipe the disk
sgdisk -Z $DISK
wipefs -a $DISK

#3. create two partitions, a 1GB (945GiB) EFI boot partition, and a ZFS root partition consisting of the rest of the drive, then print the results
sgdisk -n 1:0:+954M -t 1:EF00 -c 1:efiboot $DISK
sgdisk -n 2:0:0 -t 2:BF01 -c 2:zfsroot $DISK
sgdisk -p /dev/sda

#4. notify the OS of partition updates, and print partition info
partprobe
parted ${DISK} print

#5. make a FAT32 filesystem on the EFI boot partition
mkfs.vfat -F 32 ${DISK}-part1

#6. notify the OS of partition updates, and print new partition info
partprobe
parted ${DISK} print

#mount the partitions in nixos-zfs-pool-dataset-create.sh script. Make sure to first mount the ZFS root dataset on /mnt before mounting and subdirectories of /mnt.

Answer 1

可能需要一些时间来通知内核分区更改的情况。尝试在partprobe之前调用mkfs，请求内核重新读取分区表。