想要在postgresql上运行测试:faccopg2.OperationalError

Question

编辑1

在postgresql数据库连接数据中添加了_test.py，但在运行时失败了，我运行命令py manage.py test cafe.tests.CafeTestCase --settings=core.settings._test

RuntimeWarning: Normally Django will use a connection to the 'postgres' database to avoid running initialization queries against the production database when it's not needed (for example, when running tests). Django was unable to create a connection to the 'postgres' database and will use the first PostgreSQL database instead.
  warnings.warn(
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 217, in ensure_connection
    self.connect()
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 195, in connect
    self.connection = self.get_new_connection(conn_params)
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\postgresql\base.py", line 178, in get_new_connection
    connection = Database.connect(**conn_params)
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\psycopg2\__init__.py", line 127, in connect
    conn = _connect(dsn, connection_factory=connection_factory, **kwasync)
psycopg2.OperationalError

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 22, in <module>
    main()
  File "manage.py", line 18, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 375, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\test.py", line 23, in run_from_argv
    super().run_from_argv(argv)
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 323, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 364, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\test.py", line 53, in handle
    failures = test_runner.run_tests(test_labels)
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\test\runner.py", line 629, in run_tests
    old_config = self.setup_databases(aliases=databases)
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\test\runner.py", line 552, in setup_databases
    return _setup_databases(
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\test\utils.py", line 170, in setup_databases
    connection.creation.create_test_db(
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\creation.py", line 58, in create_test_db
    self._create_test_db(verbosity, autoclobber, keepdb)
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\creation.py", line 168, in _create_test_db
    with self._nodb_connection.cursor() as cursor:
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 256, in cursor
    return self._cursor()
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 233, in _cursor
    self.ensure_connection()
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 217, in ensure_connection
    self.connect()
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 89, in __exit__
    raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 217, in ensure_connection
    self.connect()
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 195, in connect
    self.connection = self.get_new_connection(conn_params)
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\postgresql\base.py", line 178, in get_new_connection
    connection = Database.connect(**conn_params)
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\psycopg2\__init__.py", line 127, in connect
    conn = _connect(dsn, connection_factory=connection_factory, **kwasync)
django.db.utils.OperationalError

我有一个Django应用程序集与Docker和不同的开发环境:开发，前，prod。我在本地Windows环境中使用postgresql数据库/ pgaadmin 4，我想在VSCode终端中编写和运行“外部”Docker测试

(因为如果我使用web容器来运行测试，那么我的tests.py中的更改就不会被更新，所以我需要关闭、构建和重新运行我的容器)

因此，我运行命令py manage.py test cafe.tests.CafeTestCase --settings=core.settings.preprod，其中我详细说明了要考虑的设置。

但是我得到了一个错误的sqlite3.OperationalError: no such function: Now，因为有些数据迁移使用的是timezone.now()，而这在sqlite中是不可用的。

但是我已经在设置中指定了test_database，并赋予了用户访问权限，所以测试应该考虑postgresql吗？

_test.py

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.postgresql",
        "NAME": "db_preprod",
        "USER": "user_preprod",
        "PASSWORD": "user_preprod",
        "HOST": "localhost",
        "PORT": "5433",
        'TEST' : {
            'NAME': 'test_db_preprod',
        }
    }
}

Answer 1

因此，您只需在_test.py设置中创建数据库(或使用现有数据库)即可。

Answer 2

由于SQLite没有提供now()函数，所以需要用datetime('now')替换now()