将XML文件转换为CSV文件的有效方法？

Question

我正试图找到一种方法，用Python将xml文件转换为csv文件。我想这样做，以便脚本将解析xml文件与每个警报(请参阅下面的xml片段)。

因此，它将为eventType、probableCause、description和severities创建一个列类似于这种格式的xls文件：

​

​

我的代码不起作用，它只更新列名。

XML示例：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<faults version="1" xmlns="urn:nortel:namespaces:mcp:faults" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="urn:nortel:namespaces:mcp:faults NortelFaultSchema.xsd ">
    <family longName="1OffMsgr" shortName="OOM"/>
    <family longName="ACTAGENT" shortName="ACAT">
        <logs>
           <log>
                <eventType>RES</eventType>
                <number>1</number>
                <severity>INFO</severity>
                <descTemplate>
                     <msg>Accounting is enabled upon this NE.</msg>
               </descTemplate>
               <note>This log is generated when setting a Session Manager's AM from &lt;none&gt; to a valid AM.</note>
               <om>On all instances of this Session Manager, the &lt;NE_Inst&gt;:&lt;AM&gt;:STD:acct OM row in the  StdRecordStream group will appear and start counting the recording units sent to the configured AM.
                   On the configured AM, the &lt;NE_inst&gt;:acct OM rows in RECSTRMCOLL group will appear and start counting the recording units received from this Session Manager's instances.
               </om>
            </log>
           <log>
                <eventType>RES</eventType>
                <number>2</number>
                <severity>ALERT</severity>
                <descTemplate>
                     <msg>Accounting is disabled upon this NE.</msg>
               </descTemplate>
               <note>This log is generated when setting a Session Manager's AM from a valid AM to &lt;none&gt;.</note>
               <action>If you do not intend for the Session Manager to produce accounting records, then no action is required.  If you do intend for the Session Manager to produce accounting records, then you should set the Session Manager's AM to a valid AM.</action>
               <om>On all instances of this Session Manager, the &lt;NE_Inst&gt;:&lt;AM&gt;:STD:acct OM row in the StdRecordStream group that matched the previous datafilled AM will disappear.
                   On the previously configured AM, the  &lt;NE_inst&gt;:acct OM rows in RECSTRMCOLL group will disappear.
               </om>
            </log>
        </logs>
    </family>
    <family longName="ACODE" shortName="AC">
        <alarms>
            <alarm>
                <eventType>ADMIN</eventType>
                <number>1</number>
                <probableCause>INFORMATION_MODIFICATION_DETECTED</probableCause>
                <descTemplate>
                    <msg>Configured data for audiocode server updated: $1</msg>
                     <param>
                         <num>1</num>
                         <description>AudioCode configuration data got updated</description>
                         <exampleValue>acgwy1</exampleValue>
                     </param>
               </descTemplate>
               <manualClearable></manualClearable>
               <correctiveAction>None. Acknowledge/Clear alarm and deploy the audiocode server if appropriate.</correctiveAction>
               <alarmName>Audiocode Server Updated</alarmName>
               <severities>
                     <severity>MINOR</severity>
               </severities>               
            </alarm>
            <alarm>
                <eventType>ADMIN</eventType>
                <number>2</number>
                <probableCause>CONFIG_OR_CUSTOMIZATION_ERROR</probableCause>
                <descTemplate>
                    <msg>Deployment for audiocode server failed: $1. Reason: $2.</msg>
                     <param>
                         <num>1</num>
                         <description>AudioCode Name</description>
                         <exampleValue>audcod</exampleValue>
                     </param>
                     <param>
                         <num>2</num>
                         <description>AudioCode Deployment failed reason</description>
                         <exampleValue>Failed to parse audiocode configuration data</exampleValue>
                     </param>
               </descTemplate>
               <manualClearable></manualClearable>
               <correctiveAction>Check the configuration of audiocode server. Acknowledge/Clear alarm and deploy the audiocode server if appropriate.</correctiveAction>
               <alarmName>Audiocode Server Deploy Failed</alarmName>
               <severities>
                     <severity>MINOR</severity> 
               </severities>               
            </alarm>
        </alarms>
    </family>
</faults>

我尝试过的(小样本)：

from logging import root
from xml.etree import ElementTree
import os
import csv

tree = ElementTree.parse('Fault.xml')

sitescope_data = open('Out.csv', 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8')
csvwriter = csv.writer(sitescope_data)

col_names = ['eventType', 'probableCause', 'description']
csvwriter.writerow(col_names)

root = tree.getroot()
for eventData in root.findall('alarms'):
    event_data = []
    event = eventData.find('alarm')


    event_id = event.find('eventType')
    if event_id != None :
        event_id = event_id.text
    event_data.append(event_id)

    csvwriter.writerow(event_data)

sitescope_data.close()

Answer 1

root = tree.getroot()

def get_uri(elem):
    if elem.tag[0] == "{":
        uri, ignore, tag = elem.tag[1:].partition("}")
        return f"{{{uri}}}"
    return ""

uri = get_uri(root)

def recurse(root):
    for child in root:
        recurse(child)
        print(child.tag)
    for event in root.findall(f'{uri}alarm'):
        event_data = []
        event_id = event.find(f'{uri}eventType')
        if event_id != None :
            event_id = event_id.text
        event_data.append(event_id)

        probableCause = event.find(f'{uri}probableCause')
        if probableCause != None:
            probableCause = probableCause.text
        event_data.append(probableCause)

        severities = event.find(f'{uir}severities')
        if severities:
            severity_data = ','.join([sv.text for sv in severities.findall('f{uri}severity')])
            event_data.append(severity_data)
        else:
            event_data.append("")

        csvwriter.writerow(event_data)
        

recurse(root)

要注意的事情：

1. 使用递归遍历XML
2. ，print语句将显示每个标记都有{urn:nortel:命名空间:mcp:故障}，来自根中的xmlns属性，这可能是使您绊倒的大部分原因。我添加了一个函数来获取这个"uri“文本，并将其添加到每个标记中。
3. 您将希望在每次写入csv

时都添加多个列。