更新:内存泄漏与WiFiClientSecure (电报)和WiFiClient (MQTT)

Question

这个标题很容易解释，就像我在Exception 28 thrown on ESP8266-01 when connected to Adafruit MQTT and Telegram上发布的另一个问题一样

有人可能会说这是同样的问题，但实际上这是它的后续，我认为这是一个独立的问题，因为它也可能帮助其他人，而且在其他互联网上也没有真正涉及到。我还将发布我的全部代码(就像我在前一个问题上所做的那样)，尽管StackOverflow建议只发布最小值来复制错误，因为我觉得完全复制错误是需要的。(私有数据改为私有数据)

#include "UniversalTelegramBot.h"
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiClientSecure.h>
#include <Adafruit_MQTT.h>
#include <Adafruit_MQTT_Client.h>

#define BOTtoken "PRIVATE"
#define fanPin 2
#define myChatId "PRIVATE"
#define AIO_SERVER      "io.adafruit.com"
#define AIO_SERVERPORT  1883
#define AIO_USERNAME  "PRIVATE"
#define AIO_KEY  "PRIVATE"

char ssid[] = "PRIVATE";
char password[] = "PRIVATE";
bool fanState;
unsigned long lastTimeBotRan = 0;
unsigned long checkTime = 1000;
int numNewMessages;
unsigned long timerStartPoint = 0;
bool timerStart;
String chat_id;
String text;
int messagesNumber;
String timerString;
String  Request;
const unsigned long rst = 300000;
boolean MQTT_connect();


WiFiClientSecure telegramClient;
WiFiClient MQTTClient;
UniversalTelegramBot bot(BOTtoken, telegramClient);
Adafruit_MQTT_Client mqtt(&MQTTClient, AIO_SERVER, AIO_SERVERPORT, AIO_USERNAME, AIO_KEY);
Adafruit_MQTT_Subscribe PRIVATE = Adafruit_MQTT_Subscribe(&mqtt, AIO_USERNAME "/feeds/PRIVATE");

void checkUpdates(int numNewMessages) {
  for (int i = 0; i < numNewMessages; i++) {
    chat_id = String(bot.messages[i].chat_id);
    text = bot.messages[i].text;
    String from_name = bot.messages[i].from_name;

    if (chat_id != myChatId) {
      bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "Unauthorized user, please refrain from texting this bot again.", "");
      continue;
    }

    if (text == "/start") {
      bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "Welcome " + from_name + "!\n"
                              "Control your fan remotely!\n\n"
                              "/fanon: switch the fan ON\n"
                              "/fanoff: switch the fan OFF\n"
                              "/state: get the current state of the fan"
                              "/timer15: run fan for 15 minutes"
                              "/timer30: run fan for 30 minutes"
                              "/timer60: run fan for 1 hour"
                              "/timer: run fan for the amount of time you specify", "Markdown");
    }

    if (text == "/fanon") {
      digitalWrite(fanPin, HIGH);
      Serial.println("Fan on");
      fanState = true;
      bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "Your fan is ON", "");
    }

    if (text == "/fanoff") {
      fanState = false;
      timerStart = false;
      digitalWrite(fanPin, LOW);
      Serial.println("Fan off");
      bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "Your fan is OFF", "");
    }

    if (text == "/state") {
      if (digitalRead(2) == HIGH) {
        bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "Your fan is ON", "");
      } else {
        bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "Your fan is OFF", "");
      }
    }

    if (text == "/timer15") {
      timerStartPoint = millis();
      digitalWrite(fanPin, HIGH);
      timerStart = true;
      Serial.print("(/timer15) Fan on at ");
      Serial.println(timerStartPoint);
      bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "Your fan will run for 15 minutes", "");
      launchTimer(15);
    }

    if (text == "/timer30") {
      digitalWrite(fanPin, HIGH);
      timerStart = true;
      timerStartPoint = millis();
      Serial.print("(/timer30) Fan on at ");
      Serial.println(timerStartPoint);
      bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "Your fan will run for 30 minutes", "");
      launchTimer(30);
    }

    if (text == "/timer60") {
      digitalWrite(fanPin, HIGH);
      timerStart = true;
      timerStartPoint = millis();
      Serial.print("(/timer60) Fan on at ");
      Serial.println(timerStartPoint);
      bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "Your fan will run for 1 hour", "");
      launchTimer(60);
    }

    if (text == "/timer") {
      messagesNumber = bot.last_message_received + 1;
      bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "How long do you want the fan to run for? (in minutes)", "");
      Serial.println(messagesNumber);

      while (messagesNumber == (bot.last_message_received + 1)) {
        checkUpdates(bot.getUpdates(bot.last_message_received + 1));
        timerString = bot.messages[i].text;
        yield();
      }

      if (messagesNumber < (bot.last_message_received + 1)) {
        unsigned long timer = timerString.toInt();
        Serial.println(timer);
        digitalWrite(fanPin, HIGH);
        timerStart = true;
        timerStartPoint = millis();
        Serial.print("(/timer) Fan on at ");
        Serial.println(timerStartPoint);
        bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "Your fan will run for " + timerString + " minutes", "");
        launchTimer(timer);
      }
    }
    text = "";
  }
}

void launchTimer(unsigned long timeInMinutes) {
  unsigned long timeInMillis = timeInMinutes * 60 * 1000;

  while (timerStart) {
    checkUpdates(bot.getUpdates(bot.last_message_received + 1));
    if (MQTT_connect()) {
      Adafruit_MQTT_Subscribe *subscription_name;
      while ((subscription_name = mqtt.readSubscription(4000))) {
        if (subscription_name == &PRIVATE) {
          Request = ((char *)PRIVATE.lastread);
          if (Request == "fanon") {
            digitalWrite(fanPin, HIGH);
            Serial.println("(Control panel) Fan on");
            fanState = true;
            bot.sendMessage(myChatId, "Fan turned on through Control Panel", "");
          }
          if (Request == "fanoff") {
            fanState = false;
            timerStart = false;
            Serial.println("(Control panel) Fan off");
            digitalWrite(fanPin, LOW);
            bot.sendMessage(myChatId, "Fan turned off through Control Panel", "");
          }
          if (Request == "timer15") {
            timerStartPoint = millis();
            digitalWrite(fanPin, HIGH);
            timerStart = true;
            Serial.print("(CP /timer15) Fan on at ");
            Serial.println(timerStartPoint);
            bot.sendMessage(myChatId, "Fan turned on for 15 minutes through Control Panel", "");
            launchTimer(15);
          }
          if (Request == "timer30") {
            digitalWrite(fanPin, HIGH);
            timerStart = true;
            timerStartPoint = millis();
            Serial.print("(CP /timer30) Fan on at ");
            Serial.println(timerStartPoint);
            bot.sendMessage(myChatId, "Fan turned on for 30 minutes through Control Panel", "");
            launchTimer(30);
          }
          if (Request == "timer60") {
            digitalWrite(fanPin, HIGH);
            timerStart = true;
            timerStartPoint = millis();
            Serial.print("(CP /timer60) Fan on at ");
            Serial.println(timerStartPoint);
            bot.sendMessage(myChatId, "Fan turned on for 1 hour through Control Panel", "");
            launchTimer(60);
          }
        }
      }
    }
    if (millis() - timerStartPoint > timeInMillis) {
      digitalWrite(fanPin, LOW);
      timerStart = false;
      Serial.print("Timer run out at ");
      Serial.println(millis());
      bot.sendMessage(myChatId, "Fan turned off because timer ran out", "");
    }
    yield();
  }
}

boolean MQTT_connect() {
  int8_t ret;
  if (mqtt.connected()) {
    return true;
  }  uint8_t retries = 3;
  while ((ret = mqtt.connect()) != 0) {
    mqtt.disconnect();
    delay(2000);
    retries--;
    if (retries == 0) {
      return false;
    }
  } return true;
}


void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  telegramClient.setInsecure();

  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
  WiFi.disconnect();
  delay(100);

  Serial.print("Connecting Wifi: ");
  Serial.println(ssid);
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    Serial.print(".");
    delay(500);
  }

  Serial.println("");
  Serial.println("WiFi connected");
  Serial.print("IP address: ");
  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

  pinMode(fanPin, OUTPUT);
  delay(10);
  digitalWrite(fanPin, LOW);


  Request = "";
  mqtt.subscribe(&PRIVATE);

  if (MQTT_connect()) {
    Serial.println("mqtt connected");
  }
  else {
    Serial.println("mqtt connection failed");
  }

}

void loop() {
  if (millis() - lastTimeBotRan > checkTime) {
    numNewMessages = bot.getUpdates(bot.last_message_received + 1);

    while (numNewMessages) {
      checkUpdates(numNewMessages);
      numNewMessages = bot.getUpdates(bot.last_message_received + 1);
    }
    lastTimeBotRan = millis();
  }

  delay(1000);

  if (MQTT_connect()) {
    Adafruit_MQTT_Subscribe *subscription_name;
    while ((subscription_name = mqtt.readSubscription(4000))) {
      if (subscription_name == &PRIVATE) {
        Request = ((char *)PRIVATE.lastread);
        if (Request == "fanon") {
          digitalWrite(fanPin, HIGH);
          Serial.println("(Control panel) Fan on");
          fanState = true;
          bot.sendMessage(myChatId, "Fan turned on through Control Panel", "");
        }
        if (Request == "fanoff") {
          fanState = false;
          timerStart = false;
          Serial.println("(Control panel) Fan off");
          digitalWrite(fanPin, LOW);
          bot.sendMessage(myChatId, "Fan turned off through Control Panel", "");
        }
        if (Request == "timer15") {
          timerStartPoint = millis();
          digitalWrite(fanPin, HIGH);
          timerStart = true;
          Serial.print("(CP /timer15) Fan on at ");
          Serial.println(timerStartPoint);
          bot.sendMessage(myChatId, "Fan turned on for 15 minutes through Control Panel", "");
          launchTimer(15);
        }
        if (Request == "timer30") {
          digitalWrite(fanPin, HIGH);
          timerStart = true;
          timerStartPoint = millis();
          Serial.print("(CP /timer30) Fan on at ");
          Serial.println(timerStartPoint);
          bot.sendMessage(myChatId, "Fan turned on for 30 minutes through Control Panel", "");
          launchTimer(30);
        }
        if (Request == "timer60") {
          digitalWrite(fanPin, HIGH);
          timerStart = true;
          timerStartPoint = millis();
          Serial.print("(CP /timer60) Fan on at ");
          Serial.println(timerStartPoint);
          bot.sendMessage(myChatId, "Fan turned on for 1 hour through Control Panel", "");
          launchTimer(60);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  if (!mqtt.ping()) {
    mqtt.disconnect();
  }
}

现在，问题是:我想实例化WiFiClient (连接到Adafruit )和WiFiClientSecure (连接到我的Telegram bot)，而不以崩溃告终，然后是一个异常28堆栈跟踪(我已经在链接的另一个问题中发布了一个“正常”和解码版本)。我知道，经过几个小时的研究，我无法实例化WiFiClientSecure的两个实例，因为它将超过ESP01上可用的堆，而且我还知道，仅WiFiClient或仅WiFiClientSecure就不会碰巧抛出所述异常。

我没有发现WiFiClient和WiFiClientSecure不能一起使用，但是我可能遗漏了什么。因此，我的问题是:是否可以在相同的代码中同时使用WiFiClient和WiFiClientSecure，用于两个不同的目的(分别是MQTT和WiFiClientSecure)？

我期待着阅读任何一条建议，因为我目前对想法无所适从。提前感谢每一个愿意帮忙的人。

编辑:对于任何感兴趣的人，以下是我的最新发现：

• 将ESP01的CPU从80 MHz提高到160 MHz，这有助于减轻崩溃的影响，实际上它在8小时内只崩溃了一次。从每30分钟到8小时的崩溃，肯定是向前迈进了一步；
• (感谢romkey的建议)发现，WiFiClient和WiFiClientSecure并不是不兼容的，问题是由自由堆造成的。通过删除String并将其转换为char数组，释放堆，使程序不会在整个13个小时内崩溃。我可能会进一步测试它，让它持续超过24小时，看看它是否真的解决了。以防万一，我将更新.

更新:发现问题并更改标题。问题完全在于这两个库的堆使用。这两个库都使用大量的堆空间，过一段时间就会耗尽，导致异常28，因为，据我所知，ESP试图从其内存的错误部分读取，导致它崩溃。我将在3分钟内附加堆的串行输出：

41552
19448
20008
20120
20312
20200
20120
20120
20120
20312
20120
20120
20120
20312
20312
20312
20312
20312
20312
20504
20312
20312
19640

如您所见，第一个实例的堆显示超过40k，这是正常的，因为51kish是最大值。然后它跳到20000，然后就用完了，尽管ESP在几分钟后恢复了它自己的内存。

Answer 1

在我的WiFiClient多传感器检查和发布项目中，我也使用了WiFiClientSecure和ESP8266。虽然我的WifiClient一直在运行(对于MQTT和ThingSpeak)，但我决定将安全连接(为了更少地发布到GoogleSheets --每30分钟一次)进行连接。整个项目代码太大(有5570行)，下面是其中的一部分，其中有一些注释介绍了堆的使用情况：

// heap size before call of the function: 37112
int SendGSCRPT() {
  showHeap();   // 35312
  WiFiClientSecure GoogleClient;
  showHeap();   // 27512
  GoogleClient.setInsecure();
  if (!GoogleClient.connect("script.google.com", 443)) {
    GoogleClient.stop();
    return 0;
  }
  showHeap();  // 9840 !!!
  char sGog[200];
  snprintf(sGog, sizeof(sGog), "GET %s HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: script.google.com\r\nUser-Agent: PRIVATE\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n", "PRIVATE");
  GoogleClient.print(sGog);
  Serial.println("request sent!");
  int res = 1;
  GoogleClient.stop();
  showHeap(); // 30104
  return res;
}
// heap size after function releases all the memory taken: 37112 again !!!