Arduino -通过按钮停止循环

Question

所以我一直在用TinkerCad做实验，等待我的arduino的到来。目前，我有一个分类明灯循环，我想开始和停止循环按下一个按钮。

目前，我可以通过按钮启动我的循环，但不能用相同的按钮停止循环。这跟退欧有关吗？

const int button = 10;
const int led1 = 8;
const int led2 = 4;
const int led3 = 3;
const int timedelay = 250;

boolean buttonstate = false;  

void setup()
  {

  pinMode(led1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(led2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(led3, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(button, INPUT);
}

void loop() {

if(digitalRead(button)==HIGH)  // check if button is pushed
   buttonstate = !buttonstate;    //reverse buttonstate value

   if(buttonstate==true)
  {  
    digitalWrite(led1, HIGH);
    delay(timedelay); 
    digitalWrite(led1, LOW);
    delay(timedelay); 
    digitalWrite(led2, HIGH);
    delay(timedelay);
    digitalWrite(led2, LOW);
    delay(timedelay);
    digitalWrite(led3, HIGH);
    delay(timedelay);
    digitalWrite(led2, HIGH);
    delay(timedelay);
    digitalWrite(led1, HIGH); 
    delay(timedelay);
    digitalWrite(led3, LOW);
    delay(timedelay);
    digitalWrite(led2, LOW);
    delay(timedelay);
    digitalWrite(led1, LOW); 
    delay(timedelay);
    digitalWrite(led1, HIGH); }
   else {
        digitalWrite(led1, HIGH);
  }     
}

我的电路设置：

​

​

编辑：

我已经调整了我的代码，用millis替换了延迟，并寻找按钮状态的更改。仍在寻找一种方法，以调整interval_led1在循环结束，以产生病态的分类明灯序列。

const int led1 = 13;
const int led2 = 8;
const int led3 = 5;
const int button = 10;
int ledState_led1 = LOW;             // ledState used to set the LED
int ledState_led2 = LOW;
int ledState_led3 = LOW;


// Generally, you should use "unsigned long" for variables that hold time
// The value will quickly become too large for an int to store
unsigned long previousMillis_led1 = 0;        // will store last time LED was updated
unsigned long previousMillis_led2 = 0;
unsigned long previousMillis_led3 = 0;

long interval_led1 = 500;           // interval at which to blink (milliseconds)
long interval_led2 = 600;
long interval_led3 = 700;

boolean buttonstate = false;


void setup() {

pinMode(led1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(led2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(led3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(button, INPUT);

}





void loop() {
   // check to see if it's time to blink the LED; that is, if the difference
  // between the current time and last time you blinked the LED is bigger than
  // the interval at which you want to blink the LED.
  unsigned long currentMillis_led1 = millis();
  unsigned long currentMillis_led2 = millis();
  unsigned long currentMillis_led3 = millis();

  bool current_state = digitalRead(button);
  bool prev_buttonstate= false;

if(current_state==HIGH && current_state != prev_buttonstate)
{  
   buttonstate = !buttonstate;    //reverse buttonstate value
}
prev_buttonstate = current_state;



if(buttonstate==true)
    if (currentMillis_led1 - previousMillis_led1 >= interval_led1) {
    previousMillis_led1 = currentMillis_led1;
    if (ledState_led1 == LOW) {
      ledState_led1 = HIGH;
    } else {
      ledState_led1 = LOW;
    }
    digitalWrite(led1, ledState_led1);
    }

if(buttonstate==true)    
    if (currentMillis_led2 - previousMillis_led2 >= interval_led2) {
    previousMillis_led2 = currentMillis_led2;
    if (ledState_led2 == LOW) {
      ledState_led2 = HIGH;
    } else {
      ledState_led2 = LOW;
    }
    digitalWrite(led2, ledState_led2);
    }

if(buttonstate==true)
    if (currentMillis_led3 - previousMillis_led3 >= interval_led3) {
    previousMillis_led3 = currentMillis_led3;
    if (ledState_led3 == LOW) {
      ledState_led3 = HIGH;
    } else {
      ledState_led3 = LOW;
    }
    digitalWrite(led3, ledState_led3);
    }
}

Answer 1

在这里，您的两种情况在延迟方面是非常不同的：if(buttonstate==true)非常长，因为其中包含多个delay指令，而else非常快，因为其中没有delay。

当buttonstate==True和您按下按钮时(正如Delta_G所说，delay()大多数情况下都会防止测试发生，例如，您应该使用millis()来完成计时，但假设您很幸运并且通过了第一个if语句)，所以buttonstate将切换到false。

由于您的else指令没有延迟，董事会将很快返回到您的初始if，不幸的是，它仍然是true，因为您还没有足够快地按下这个按钮几微秒。因此，buttonstate将再次翻转，您的代码将落在您的if(buttonstate==true)中，这是非常长的，允许您在重新评估if(digitalRead(button)==HIGH)之前及时释放按钮。

解决方案(除了@Delta_G提出的定时问题和@TomServo提出的硬件问题之外)是寻求按钮状态的更改。因此，您必须将其与以前的值进行比较。您可以声明另一个布尔boolean prev_buttonstate = false;，并执行如下操作：

bool current_state = digitalRead(button);
if(current_state==HIGH && current_state != prev_buttonstate)
{  
   buttonstate = !buttonstate;    //reverse buttonstate value
}
prev_buttonstate = current_state;

希望能帮上忙！

Answer 2

你的电路正确。如果你再继续按下按钮，情况就会继续保持良好，并且状态会再次错误地重置。

若要模拟切换效果，请使用bool变量，如下所示：当信号变低时，重新设置变量。

  void loop() {
       static bool ready = true;
       if(digitalRead(button)==HIGH && ready)
       {
           ready = false;
            buttonstate = !buttonstate; //reverse buttonstate value
            if(buttonstate){
                  digitalWrite(led1, HIGH);
                  delay(timedelay); 
                  digitalWrite(led1, LOW);
                  delay(timedelay); 
                  /* Etc*/ }
             else {
                  digitalWrite(led1, HIGH);
            }
     }
     else 
     if(digitalRead(button)==LOW && !ready)
     {
         ready = true;
     }     
 }