如何在python中注释xml的整个块和单个标记？

Question

如何在python中注释整个特定的块和特定的xml标记？在下面的xml中，有许多<list>标记。1)必须对整个块<list> {some_data}</list>进行注释，其中<list name="list_name1"> 2)如果您观察到<list name="list_name3">，则<item>中有2 <p> tags。

<p name="address1">some/address-3</p><p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>

这里，必须注释第二个<p> tag，即<p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>，所有这些实例。

How can we achieve this in python ?
Which is best xml module in python ?

sample_file.xml

    <raml xmlns="abcd.xsd" version="0.1">
    <newData type="hw">
        <header>
          <log action="create" dateTime="2020-01-15T16:45:12.001Z" />
        </header>
        <sampleObject class="com.abcd.efgh:VASDF" distName="some_unique_name" operation="update" version="HDGEKB_8363_845"> 
            <p name="p_name1">true</p>
            <list name="list_name1">
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-1</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-1</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-2</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-2</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-3</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-3</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-4</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-4</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-5</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-5</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-6</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-6</p>
                </item>
            </list>
            <list name="list_name2">
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-1</p>
                    <p name="value">1</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-2</p>
                    <p name="value">2</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-3</p>
                    <p name="value">3</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-4</p>
                    <p name="value">4</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-5</p>
                    <p name="value">5</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-6</p>
                    <p name="value">6</p>
                </item>
            </list>
            <list name="list_name3">
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-1</p>
                    <p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>
                    <p name="value">1</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>
                    <p name="value">1_1</p>
                <item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-2</p>
                    <p name="value">2</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-3</p>
                    <p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>
                    <p name="value">3</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>
                    <p name="value">3_3</p>
                <item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-4</p>
                    <p name="value">4</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-5</p>
                    <p name="value">5</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-6</p>
                    <p name="value">6</p>
                </item>
             </list>                                                                
        </sampleObject> 
    </newData>

</raml>

output_file.xml，应该如下所示

<raml xmlns="abcd.xsd" version="0.1">
    <newData type="hw">
        <header>
          <log action="create" dateTime="2020-01-15T16:45:12.001Z" />
        </header>
        <sampleObject class="com.abcd.efgh:VASDF" distName="some_unique_name" operation="update" version="HDGEKB_8363_845"> 
            <p name="p_name1">true</p>
            <!--<list name="list_name1">
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-1</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-1</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-2</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-2</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-3</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-3</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-4</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-4</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-5</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-5</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-6</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-6</p>
                </item>
            </list> -->
            <list name="list_name2">
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-1</p>
                    <p name="value">1</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-2</p>
                    <p name="value">2</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-3</p>
                    <p name="value">3</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-4</p>
                    <p name="value">4</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-5</p>
                    <p name="value">5</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-6</p>
                    <p name="value">6</p>
                </item>
            </list>
            <list name="list_name3">
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-1</p>
                    <!--<p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>-->
                    <p name="value">1</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>
                    <p name="value">1_1</p>
                <item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-2</p>
                    <p name="value">2</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-3</p>
                    <!--<p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>-->
                    <p name="value">3</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>
                    <p name="value">3_3</p>
                <item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-4</p>
                    <p name="value">4</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-5</p>
                    <p name="value">5</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-6</p>
                    <p name="value">6</p>
                </item>
             </list>                                                                
        </sampleObject> 
    </newData>

</raml>

Answer 1

lxml可以用其他元素(包括注释)替换任何元素，但不幸的是，如果您从现有元素创建该注释的文本，lxml将再次将默认命名空间复制到注释文本中。

因此，我决定不使用lxml，而是使用BeautifulSoup，它更“从宽”地对待名称空间。

试试下面的代码：

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup, Comment

soup = BeautifulSoup(open('Input.xml'), 'xml')
for elem in soup.findAll('list'):
    elem.replace_with(Comment(str(elem)))
print(soup.prettify())

对于您的输入XML，缩短一点，我得到：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<raml version="0.1" xmlns="abcd.xsd">
  <newData type="hw">
    <header>
      <log action="create" dateTime="2020-01-15T16:45:12.001Z"/>
    </header>
    <sampleObject class="com.abcd.efgh:VASDF" distName="some_unique_name" operation="update" version="HDGEKB_8363_845">
      <p name="p_name1">true</p>
<!--<list name="list_name1">
<item>
<p name="address1">some/address-1</p>
<p name="value">1</p>
</item>
<item>
<p name="address1">some/address-2</p>
<p name="value">2</p>
</item>
</list>-->
<!--<list name="list_name2">
<item>
<p name="address1">some/address-3</p>
<p name="value">3</p>
</item>
<item>
<p name="address1">some/address-4</p>
<p name="value">4</p>
</item>
</list>-->
    </sampleObject>
  </newData>
</raml>

编辑

如果您只想注释掉一个list元素(例如，将name属性设置为'list_name1')，则更正很简单：

findAll有另一个参数，即attrs (字典)，在这里您可以传递任何属性名/值以缩小选择范围。

在这种情况下，将循环更改为：

for elem in soup.findAll('list', attrs={'name': 'list_name1'}):
    elem.replace_with(Comment(str(elem)))

要只删除选定的元素，要做的方法的名称就不那么直观了，即它是分解的。

要做到这一点，请跑：

for elem in soup.findAll('list', attrs={'name': 'list_name1'}):
    elem.decompose()

在有关XML前缀的注释后面编辑

删除XML前缀的一个方法是调用BeautifulSoup 而不使用第二个xml参数。

但是输出中的根元素是html，其中包含body元素，raml元素在其中。

因此，要删除这两个“外部”元素，请将代码更改为：

soup = BeautifulSoup(open('Input.xml'))
for elem in soup.findAll('list'):
    elem.replace_with(Comment(str(elem)))
print(soup.html.body.raml.prettify())

例如，<p>元素保存在的单个行中。

有点“肮脏”的解决方案，但希望能带来预期的结果。