使用OSGB投影时的gv.Polygons DataError

Question

我有两个英国的形状文件：

In [3]: # SHAPEFILE 1: 
   ...: # WESTMINISTER PARLIAMENTARY CONSTITUENCY UK SHAPEFILE 
   ...: shapefile1 =  "../Westminster_Parliamentary_Constituencies_De
   ...: cember_2017_UK_BSC_SUPER_SMALL/Westminster_Parliamentary_Constituencies_
   ...: December_2017_UK_BSC.shp" 

In [4]: # SHAPEFILE 2: 
   ...: # LAD19 UK SHAPEFILE 
   ...: shapefile2 = "../03_Maps_March_2020/level3_LAD19_CONTAINS_4_L
   ...: EVELS_OF_DETAIL/Local_Authority_Districts_December_2019_Boundaries_UK_BU
   ...: C/Local_Authority_Districts_December_2019_Boundaries_UK_BUC.shp" 

In [6]: # LOAD SHAPEFILE 1 INTO GEOPANDAS 
   ...: parl_con = gpd.read_file(shapefile1) 
   ...: parl_con.head()                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
Out[6]: 
   FID   PCON17CD                 PCON17NM   BNG_E   BNG_N      LONG      LAT    Shape__Are     Shape__Len                                           geometry
0   11  E14000540                  Barking  546099  184533  0.105346  51.5408  5.225347e+07   44697.210277  MULTIPOLYGON (((0.07106 51.53715, 0.07551 51.5...
1   12  E14000541         Barnsley Central  433719  408537 -1.492280  53.5724  1.377661e+08   72932.918783  POLYGON ((-1.42490 53.60448, -1.43298 53.59652...
2   13  E14000542            Barnsley East  439730  404883 -1.401980  53.5391  2.460912e+08   87932.525762  POLYGON ((-1.34873 53.58335, -1.33215 53.56286...
3   14  E14000543       Barrow and Furness  325384  484663 -3.146730  54.2522  8.203002e+08  283121.334647  MULTIPOLYGON (((-3.20064 54.06488, -3.20111 54...
4   15  E14000544  Basildon and Billericay  569070  192467  0.440099  51.6057  1.567962e+08   57385.722178  POLYGON ((0.49457 51.62362, 0.50044 51.61807, ...

In [7]: # SHAPEFILE 1 PROJECTION: 
   ...: parl_con.crs                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
Out[7]: {'init': 'epsg:4326'}

In [12]: # LOAD SHAPEFILE 2 INTO GEOPANDAS 
    ...: lad19 = gpd.read_file(shapefile2) 
    ...: lad19.head()                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
Out[12]: 
   objectid    lad19cd               lad19nm lad19nmw   bng_e   bng_n     long        lat    st_areasha    st_lengths                                           geometry
0         1  E06000001            Hartlepool     None  447160  531474 -1.27018  54.676140  9.684551e+07  50305.325058  POLYGON ((448986.025 536729.674, 453194.600 53...
1         2  E06000002         Middlesbrough     None  451141  516887 -1.21099  54.544670  5.290846e+07  34964.406313  POLYGON ((451752.698 520561.900, 452424.399 52...
2         3  E06000003  Redcar and Cleveland     None  464361  519597 -1.00608  54.567520  2.486791e+08  83939.752513  POLYGON ((451965.636 521061.756, 454348.400 52...
3         4  E06000004      Stockton-on-Tees     None  444940  518183 -1.30664  54.556911  2.071591e+08  87075.860824  POLYGON ((451965.636 521061.756, 451752.698 52...
4         5  E06000005            Darlington     None  428029  515648 -1.56835  54.535339  1.988128e+08  91926.839545  POLYGON ((419709.299 515678.298, 419162.998 51...

In [13]: # SHAPEFILE 2 PROJECTION: 
    ...: lad19.crs                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
Out[13]: {'init': 'epsg:27700'}

通过使用WGS 84投影的shapefile，我可以使用gv.Polygons成功地绘制我的合唱图：

In [14]: # USE GEOPANDAS DATAFRAME WITH gv.Polygons TO PRODUCE INTERACTIVE CHROPLETH: 
    ...: gv.Polygons(parl_con, vdims='PCON17NM' 
    ...:            ).opts(tools=['hover','tap'],  
    ...:                   width=450, height=600 
    ...:                  )                                                                                                                                                                                                              
Out[14]: :Polygons   [Longitude,Latitude]   (PCON17NM)\

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但是，如果使用OSGB投影使用shapefile，则会得到一个错误：

In [15]: # USE GEOPANDAS DATAFRAME WITH gv.Polygons TO PRODUCE INTERACTIVE CHROPLETH: 
    ...: gv.Polygons(lad19, vdims='lad19_name', 
    ...:            ).opts(tools=['hover','tap'],  
    ...:                   width=450, height=600 
    ...:                  ) 


DataError: Expected Polygons instance to declare two key dimensions corresponding to the geometry coordinates but 3 dimensions were found which did not refer to any columns.

GeoPandasInterface expects a list of tabular data, for more information on supported datatypes see http://holoviews.org/user_guide/Tabular_Datasets.html

我尝试转换所使用的投影，但当我再次运行gv.Polygons时，再次得到了相同的错误：

In [16]: lad19.crs                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
Out[16]: {'init': 'epsg:27700'}

In [17]: lad19.crs = {'init': 'epsg:4326'} 
    ...: lad19.crs                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
Out[17]: {'init': 'epsg:4326'}

In [19]: # USE GEOPANDAS DATAFRAME WITH gv.Polygons TO PRODUCE INTERACTIVE CHROPLETH: 
    ...: gv.Polygons(lad19, vdims='lad19_name', 
    ...:            ).opts(tools=['hover','tap'],  
    ...:                   width=450, height=600 
    ...:                  )                                                                                                                                                                                                              


DataError: Expected Polygons instance to declare two key dimensions corresponding to the geometry coordinates but 3 dimensions were found which did not refer to any columns.

GeoPandasInterface expects a list of tabular data, for more information on supported datatypes see http://holoviews.org/user_guide/Tabular_Datasets.html

请注意，我可以使用gv.Shape成功地绘制这两个形状文件的合唱图。使用gv.Shape的唯一区别是，对于shapefile 1，我不需要指定所使用的投影，而对于shapefile 2，我必须指定crs=ccrs.OSGB()。

有人知道这是怎么回事吗？

谢谢

Shapefile下载链接：

Shapefile 1：

https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/datasets/westminster-parliamentary-constituencies-december-2017-uk-bsc

Shapefile 2：

https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/datasets/local-authority-districts-december-2019-boundaries-uk-buc

Answer 1

我的问题最终是由我从OSGB到WGS 84的重新投影步骤引起的。

# THE ORIGINAL PROJECTION ON THE SHAPEFILE
In [16]: lad19.crs                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
Out[16]: {'init': 'epsg:27700'}

虽然以下命令的结果表明重投影步骤有效

In [17]: lad19.crs = {'init': 'epsg:4326'} 
    ...: lad19.crs                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
Out[17]: {'init': 'epsg:4326'}

如果你看一下几何学属性，你就会发现它仍然是由东边和北纬组成的，而不是像你在重新投影后所期望的那样由经度和纬度组成：

In [8]: lad19["geometry"].head()                                                                                                                                                                                              
Out[8]: 
0    POLYGON ((448986.025 536729.674, 453194.600 53...
1    POLYGON ((451752.698 520561.900, 452424.399 52...
2    POLYGON ((451965.636 521061.756, 454348.400 52...
3    POLYGON ((451965.636 521061.756, 451752.698 52...
4    POLYGON ((419709.299 515678.298, 419162.998 51...
Name: geometry, dtype: geometry

解决方案是使用此方法将原始投影重新投影到所需的投影，关键部分是包含inplace=True。

In [11]: lad19.to_crs({'init': 'epsg:4326'},inplace=True) 
    ...: lad19.crs                                                                                                                                                                                                            
Out[11]: {'init': 'epsg:4326'}

geometry柱中所包含的东经和北纬现在已经转换成经度和纬度。

In [12]: lad19["geometry"].head()                                                                                                                                                                                             
Out[12]: 
0    POLYGON ((-1.24098 54.72318, -1.17615 54.69768...
1    POLYGON ((-1.20088 54.57763, -1.19055 54.57496...
2    POLYGON ((-1.19750 54.58210, -1.16017 54.60449...
3    POLYGON ((-1.19750 54.58210, -1.20088 54.57763...
4    POLYGON ((-1.69692 54.53600, -1.70526 54.54916...
Name: geometry, dtype: geometry

现在，gv.Polygons可以使用这个shapefile成功地生成一个choropleth地图：

In [13]: gv.Polygons(lad19, vdims='lad19nm', 
    ...:            ).opts(tools=['hover','tap'],  
    ...:                   width=450, height=600 
    ...:                  )                                                                                                                                                                                                   
Out[13]: :Polygons   [Longitude,Latitude]   (lad19nm)

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