如何在重登组件时使用react钩子重新初始化状态

Question

我创建了一个组件来消除一个问题及其不同的选项，当用户单击next按钮时，将执行对同一个页面的重定向，以便重新修改组件并显示一个新的问题。我使用一个checkBox组件来显示问题选项，但是每当我选择一个选项并进入下一个问题时，都不会为新的选项重置复选框(例如，如果我选中了第一个问题的第二个选项，那么在选中第二个问题之前，第二个选项就会被选中)。

import Grid from "@material-ui/core/Grid";
import Typography from "@material-ui/core/Typography";
import React, { useEffect, useState } from "react";
import { connect } from "react-redux";
import SyntaxHighlighter from "react-syntax-highlighter";
import { dark } from "react-syntax-highlighter/dist/esm/styles/prism";
import { Dispatch } from "redux";
import { IAnswer, incrementQuestion, IQuestion, questionRequest } from "../../actions/index";
import CheckBoxWrapper from "../../components/common/CheckBoxWrapper";
import ContentQuiz from "../../components/ContentQuiz";
import history from "../../history/history";

interface IProps {
  currentQuestionNumber: number;
  loadingData: boolean;
  questions: IQuestion[];
  questionRequest: () => void;
  incrementQuestion: (arg: IAnswer) => void;
  numberOfQuestions: number;
}

interface IAnswerOption {
  option1: boolean;
  option2: boolean;
  option3: boolean;
  option4: boolean;
  [key: string]: boolean;

}

const Quiz = (props: IProps) => {
  const { currentQuestionNumber,
    loadingData,
    questions,
    questionRequest,
    incrementQuestion,
    numberOfQuestions } = props;

  const [answerOption, setAnswerOption] = useState<IAnswerOption>({
    option1: false,
    option2: false,
    option3: false,
    option4: false,
  });

  const handleChange = (option: string) => (event: React.ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
    setAnswerOption({ ...answerOption, [option]: event.target.checked });
  };
  useEffect(() => {
    questionRequest();
  });

  const handleNextQuiz = () => {
    if (currentQuestionNumber === numberOfQuestions - 1) {
      history.push("/homepage");
    } else {
      incrementQuestion(answerOption);
      history.push("/contentQuiz");
    }

  };

  const currentQuestion = questions[currentQuestionNumber];
  return (
    <div>
      {loadingData ? ("Loading ...") : (
        < ContentQuiz
          questionNumber={currentQuestionNumber + 1}
          handleClick={handleNextQuiz} >
          <div>
            <Typography variant="h3" gutterBottom> What's the output of </Typography>
            <>
              <SyntaxHighlighter language="javascript" style={dark} >
                {currentQuestion.description.replace(";", "\n")}
              </SyntaxHighlighter >
              <form>
                <Grid container direction="column" alignItems="baseline">
                  {currentQuestion.options.map((option: string, index: number) => {
                    const fieldName = `option${index + 1}`;
                    return (
                      <Grid key={index}>
                        <CheckBoxWrapper
                          checked={answerOption[fieldName]}
                          value={fieldName}
                          onChange={handleChange(fieldName)}
                          label={option}
                        />
                      </Grid>);
                  }
                  )}
                </Grid>
              </form>
            </>
          </div >
        </ContentQuiz >
      )}
    </div>
  );
};

const mapStateToProps = (state: any) => {
  const { currentQuestionNumber, loadingData, questions, numberOfQuestions } = state.quiz;

  return {
    currentQuestionNumber,
    loadingData,
    questions,
    numberOfQuestions
  };
};

const mapDispatchToProps = (dispatch: Dispatch) => {
  return {
    incrementQuestion: (answer: IAnswer) => dispatch<any>(incrementQuestion(answer)),
    questionRequest: () => dispatch<any>(questionRequest())
  };
};

export default connect(mapStateToProps, mapDispatchToProps)(Quiz);

当我重新复制组件时，我如何重新设置问题选项，以检查选项？

Answer 1

 const fieldName = `option${index + 1}`;

当你要问下一个问题时，重置fieldName

Answer 2

我认为你只需要修复你的useEffect。

  useEffect(() => {
    setAnswerOption({
      option1: false,
      option2: false,
      option3: false,
      option4: false,
    });

    questionRequest();
  }, []);

另外，不要忘记传递第二个参数，否则组件中可能有一个无限循环。https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-effect.html