如何使用JSON条件表达式解析此JSON？

Question

我有这个示例JSON，并希望编写一个解析器来获得所需的输出。

示例JSON:

{
  "prizes": [
    {
      "year": "2018",
      "category": "physics",
      "overallMotivation": "\"for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics\"",
      "laureates": [
        {
          "id": "960",
          "firstname": "Arthur",
          "surname": "Ashkin",
          "motivation": "\"for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems\"",
          "share": "2"
        },
        {
          "id": "961",
          "firstname": "Gérard",
          "surname": "Mourou",
          "motivation": "\"for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses\"",
          "share": "4"
        },
        {
          "id": "962",
          "firstname": "Donna",
          "surname": "Strickland",
          "motivation": "\"for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses\"",
          "share": "4"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": "2018",
      "category": "chemistry",
      "laureates": [
        {
          "id": "963",
          "firstname": "Frances H.",
          "surname": "Arnold",
          "motivation": "\"for the directed evolution of enzymes\"",
          "share": "2"
        },
        {
          "id": "964",
          "firstname": "George P.",
          "surname": "Smith",
          "motivation": "\"for the phage display of peptides and antibodies\"",
          "share": "4"
        },
        {
          "id": "965",
          "firstname": "Sir Gregory P.",
          "surname": "Winter",
          "motivation": "\"for the phage display of peptides and antibodies\"",
          "share": "4"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": "2018",
      "category": "medicine",
      "laureates": [
        {
          "id": "958",
          "firstname": "James P.",
          "surname": "Allison",
          "motivation": "\"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation\"",
          "share": "2"
        },
        {
          "id": "959",
          "firstname": "Tasuku",
          "surname": "Honjo",
          "motivation": "\"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation\"",
          "share": "2"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": "2018",
      "category": "peace",
      "laureates": [
        {
          "id": "966",
          "firstname": "Denis",
          "surname": "Mukwege",
          "motivation": "\"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"",
          "share": "2"
        },
        {
          "id": "967",
          "firstname": "Nadia",
          "surname": "Murad",
          "motivation": "\"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict\"",
          "share": "2"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": "2018",
      "category": "economics",
      "laureates": [
        {
          "id": "968",
          "firstname": "William D.",
          "surname": "Nordhaus",
          "motivation": "\"for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"",
          "share": "2"
        },
        {
          "id": "969",
          "firstname": "Paul M.",
          "surname": "Romer",
          "motivation": "\"for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis\"",
          "share": "2"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": "2014",
      "category": "peace",
      "laureates": [
        {
          "id": "913",
          "firstname": "Kailash",
          "surname": "Satyarthi",
          "motivation": "\"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"",
          "share": "2"
        },
        {
          "id": "914",
          "firstname": "Malala",
          "surname": "Yousafzai",
          "motivation": "\"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"",
          "share": "2"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": "2017",
      "category": "physics",
      "laureates": [
        {
          "id": "941",
          "firstname": "Rainer",
          "surname": "Weiss",
          "motivation": "\"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves\"",
          "share": "2"
        },
        {
          "id": "942",
          "firstname": "Barry C.",
          "surname": "Barish",
          "motivation": "\"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves\"",
          "share": "4"
        },
        {
          "id": "943",
          "firstname": "Kip S.",
          "surname": "Thorne",
          "motivation": "\"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves\"",
          "share": "4"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": "2017",
      "category": "chemistry",
      "laureates": [
        {
          "id": "944",
          "firstname": "Jacques",
          "surname": "Dubochet",
          "motivation": "\"for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution\"",
          "share": "3"
        },
        {
          "id": "945",
          "firstname": "Joachim",
          "surname": "Frank",
          "motivation": "\"for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution\"",
          "share": "3"
        },
        {
          "id": "946",
          "firstname": "Richard",
          "surname": "Henderson",
          "motivation": "\"for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution\"",
          "share": "3"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "year": "2017",
      "category": "medicine",
      "laureates": [
        {
          "id": "938",
          "firstname": "Jeffrey C.",
          "surname": "Hall",
          "motivation": "\"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"",
          "share": "3"
        },
        {
          "id": "939",
          "firstname": "Michael",
          "surname": "Rosbash",
          "motivation": "\"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"",
          "share": "3"
        },
        {
          "id": "940",
          "firstname": "Michael W.",
          "surname": "Young",
          "motivation": "\"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm\"",
          "share": "3"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

期望输出：

[
  {
    "id": "914",
    "firstname": "Malala",
    "surname": "Yousafzai",
    "motivation": "\"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"",
    "share": "2"
  }
]

所以，如果我写$.prizes[5].laureates[1]，它就给出了所需的答案。但是我希望使用条件逻辑获得相同的输出，因为条目的顺序没有得到保证。

所以我尝试了像这样的$.prizes[?(@.laureates[?(@.firstname == "Malala")])]，但它不起作用。我的问题是在数组中使用嵌套的条件逻辑。

Answer 1

$.prizes[*].laureates[*]将授予所有获奖者项目，然后您可以在其上应用过滤器：

$.prizes[*].laureates[?(@.firstname == "Malala")]

或较短的深度扫描：

$..[?(@.firstname == "Malala")]

Answer 2

这对我有用。

$.*.*.*[?(@.firstname == "Malala")]