如何将字符值分离为矩阵中的正则表达式

Question

数据示例:

X <- as.matrix(c("2019.01.01 (TUE) A STADIUM       [spectator : 4000]", "2019.01.01 (TUE) C STADIUM       [spectator : 3600]", "2018.01.02 (WED) B STADIUM       [spectator : 2800]", "2019.01.02 (WED) D STADIUM       [spectator : 3500]"))
X
     [,1]                                                  
[1,] 2019.01.01 (TUE) A STADIUM       [spectator : 4000]
[2,] 2019.01.01 (TUE) C STADIUM       [spectator : 3600]
[3,] 2018.01.02 (WED) B STADIUM       [spectator : 2800]
[4,] 2019.01.02 (WED) D STADIUM       [spectator : 3500]

我想分开这个数据帧3或4列。如下所示：

         Day Day2    STADIUM   Spectator                                    
1 2019.01.01 TUE   A STADIUM    4000
2 2019.01.01 TUE   C STADIUM    3600
3 2018.01.02 WED   B STADIUM    2800
4 2019.01.02 WED   D STADIUM    3500

我尝试过的：str_split返回列表。所以我用了str_split_fixed。这是必需的n值。我分配了n= 4，但它将标点符号向前分开。

str_split_fixed(X, n = 4, '[[:punct:]]')
     [,1]   [,2] [,3]  [,4]                                     
[1,] "2019" "01" "01 " "TUE) A STADIUM       [spectator : 4000]"
[2,] "2019" "01" "01 " "TUE) C STADIUM       [spectator : 3600]"
[3,] "2018" "01" "02 " "WED) B STADIUM       [spectator : 2800]"
[4,] "2019" "01" "02 " "WED) D STADIUM       [spectator : 3500]"

Answer 1

我们可以通过定义捕获组来提取tidyr::extract

tidyr::extract(data.frame(X), X, into = c("Day", "Day2", "Stadium", "Spectator"), 
           regex = "(.*)\\((.*)\\).*([A-Z]+ STADIUM).*spectator : (\\d+)")

#         Day  Day2   Stadium Spectator
#1 2019.01.01   TUE A STADIUM      4000
#2 2019.01.01   TUE C STADIUM      3600
#3 2018.01.02   WED B STADIUM      2800
#4 2019.01.02   WED D STADIUM      3500

我们在这里定义了4个捕获组。

( 1)从文本的开头开始，直到遇到开头的圆括号。

( 2)开头和结尾方括号之间的案文。

( 3)来自[A-Z]的一个或多个字符，后面跟着单词"STADIUM"

( 4)逐字"spectator"。

Answer 2

你可以：

X <- c("2019.01.01 (TUE) A STADIUM       [spectator : 4000]", "2019.01.01 (TUE) C STADIUM       [spectator : 3600]", "2018.01.02 (WED) B STADIUM       [spectator : 2800]", "2019.01.02 (WED) D STADIUM       [spectator : 3500]")
Dat <- read.table(text=X)[c(1:3, 7)]
names(Dat) <- c("Day", "Day2", "STADIUM", "Spectator")
Dat$Spectator <- sub("]", "", Dat$Spectator, fixed = TRUE)
Dat$Day2 <- substr(Dat$Day2, 2, 4)
Dat
# > Dat
#          Day Day2 STADIUM Spectator
# 1 2019.01.01  TUE       A      4000
# 2 2019.01.01  TUE       C      3600
# 3 2018.01.02  WED       B      2800
# 4 2019.01.02  WED       D      3500