如何提取可变的json键值

Question

我正在创建网站，为用户提供有关足球比赛的数据。对于每一场比赛，我都需要提取参加比赛的每支队伍的阵容数据。我请求来自外部所有API的lineups数据，该API以json格式提供数据，如下所示

data = {"api": {"results": 2, "lineUps": {"Paris Saint Germain": {"formation": "4-2-3-1", "startXI": [{"team_id": 85, "player_id": 253, "player": "Alphonse Ar\u00e9ola", "number": 16, "pos": "G"}, {"team_id": 85, "player_id": 256, "player": "Dani Alves", "number": 13, "pos": "M"}, {"team_id": 85, "player_id": 257, "player": "Marquinhos", "number": 5, "pos": "D"}, {"team_id": 85, "player_id": 262, "player": "Presnel Kimpembe", "number": 3, "pos": "D"}, {"team_id": 85, "player_id": 258, "player": "Juan Bernat", "number": 14, "pos": "D"}, {"team_id": 85, "player_id": 271, "player": "Leandro Paredes", "number": 8, "pos": "M"}, {"team_id": 85, "player_id": 273, "player": "Marco Verratti", "number": 6, "pos": "M"}, {"team_id": 85, "player_id": 267, "player": "Julian Draxler", "number": 23, "pos": "M"}, {"team_id": 85, "player_id": 276, "player": "Neymar", "number": 10, "pos": "F"}, {"team_id": 85, "player_id": 266, "player": "\u00c1ngel Di Mar\u00eda", "number": 11, "pos": "F"}, {"team_id": 85, "player_id": 274, "player": "Edinson Cavani", "number": 9, "pos": "F"}], "substitutes": [{"team_id": 85, "player_id": 254, "player": "Gianluigi Buffon", "number": 1, "pos": "G"}, {"team_id": 85, "player_id": 265, "player": "Arthur Zagre", "number": 33, "pos": "D"}, {"team_id": 85, "player_id": null, "player": "Loic Mbe Soh", "number": 36, "pos": "D"}, {"team_id": 85, "player_id": 260, "player": "Colin Dagba", "number": 31, "pos": "D"}, {"team_id": 85, "player_id": 263, "player": "Layvin Kurzawa", "number": 20, "pos": "D"}, {"team_id": 85, "player_id": 277, "player": "Moussa Diaby", "number": 27, "pos": "M"}, {"team_id": 85, "player_id": 269, "player": "Christopher Nkunku", "number": 24, "pos": "M"}]}, "Nice": {"formation": "4-3-3", "startXI": [{"team_id": 84, "player_id": 22157, "player": "Walter Ben\u00edtez", "number": 40, "pos": "G"}, {"team_id": 84, "player_id": 22161, "player": "Patrick Burner", "number": 15, "pos": "D"}, {"team_id": 84, "player_id": 22164, "player": "Christophe Herelle", "number": 29, "pos": "D"}, {"team_id": 84, "player_id": 22163, "player": "Dante", "number": 31, "pos": "D"}, {"team_id": 84, "player_id": 22166, "player": "Malang Sarr", "number": 23, "pos": "D"}, {"team_id": 84, "player_id": 22170, "player": "Pierre Lees Melou", "number": 8, "pos": "M"}, {"team_id": 84, "player_id": 22174, "player": "Adrien Tameze", "number": 5, "pos": "M"}, {"team_id": 84, "player_id": 22167, "player": "Danilo", "number": 21, "pos": "M"}, {"team_id": 84, "player_id": 3165, "player": "Youcef Atal", "number": 20, "pos": "M"}, {"team_id": 84, "player_id": 22173, "player": "Allan Saint-Maximin", "number": 7, "pos": "F"}, {"team_id": 84, "player_id": 22177, "player": "Igniatius Ganago", "number": 14, "pos": "F"}], "substitutes": [{"team_id": 84, "player_id": 22159, "player": "Yannis Clementia", "number": 16, "pos": "G"}, {"team_id": 84, "player_id": 22160, "player": "Olivier Boscagli", "number": 28, "pos": "D"}, {"team_id": 84, "player_id": 22171, "player": "Jean-Victor Makengo", "number": 27, "pos": "M"}, {"team_id": 84, "player_id": 22172, "player": "Ihsan Sacko", "number": 18, "pos": "M"}, {"team_id": 84, "player_id": 2959, "player": "Bassem Srarfi", "number": 11, "pos": "F"}, {"team_id": 84, "player_id": 22178, "player": "Micka\u00ebl Le Bihan", "number": 10, "pos": "F"}, {"team_id": 84, "player_id": 22176, "player": "Assil Jaziri", "number": 33, "pos": "SUB"}]}}}}

我想切割这个json数据，并将每个团队名称及其组成数据存储到我的数据库中。但是问题是API提供程序按团队名称命名key，、Paris、Saint、和Nice，因为它，我无法循环这个json，因为json数据没有固定的密钥名。我如何提取两个队的队形键？

Answer 1

当您解析了JSON之后，您将有一个字典字典，您可以对其使用普通的字典方法，包括keys：

>>> import json
>>> data = json.loads(' {"api": {"results": 2, "lineUps": {"Paris Saint Germain": [...]')
>>> lineups = data['api']['lineUps']
>>> for team in lineups.keys():
...   print(f'Team Name: {team}')
...   print(f'Formation: {lineups[team]["formation"]}')
... 
Team Name: Paris Saint Germain
Formation: 4-2-3-1
Team Name: Nice
Formation: 4-3-3