试着重新排列R中的一张桌子(我是初学者！)有没有某种“转置”功能？

Question

我正在重新安排R中的一个桌子。

我有52只狮子(例如)。对每头狮子在4个时间点采集的血样进行92种不同标记物的检测。目前，我有一列狮子身份证，长208行，列“样本号”旁边排列，表示采集的时间点，时间1,2,3,4。然后是92个不同标记的血样值。总共94列(ID、样本号和标记类型)。

见数据：

'ID' 'Sample Number' 'Marker type'
-Lion 1 time 1 Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3...Marker 92 
-Lion 1 time 2 Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3...Marker 92
-Lion 1 time 3 Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3...Marker 92
-Lion 1 time 4 Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3...Marker 92
-Lion 2 time 1 Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3...Marker 92
-Lion 2 time 2 Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3...Marker 92
-Lion 2 time 3 Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3...Marker 92
-Lion 2 time 4 Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3...Marker 92
-Lion 3 time 1 Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3...Marker 92
-Lion 3 time 2 Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3...Marker 92
-Lion 3 time 3 Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3...Marker 92
-Lion 3 time 4 Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3...Marker 92

我需要修改它，这样它就为52个狮子it (而不是每头狮子4行)提供了一个列，然后对于每个92个标记，为示例编号提供4列，总共提供369列。

预期产出数据：

'ID' 'Sample Number' 'Marker type'    
 lion 1 time 1 marker 1 time 2 marker 1 time 3 marker 1 time 4 marker 1
 lion 2 time 1 marker 2 time 2 marker 2 time 3 marker 2 time 4 marker 2
 lion 3 time 1 marker 3 time 2 marker 3 time 3 marker 3 time 4 marker 3

我不想让时间1标记1的新变量，而是标记1的列，分裂成4列的时间，1行的狮子。标记2也是如此，等等。

Answer 1

我想我们可以在这里使用pivot_wider：

tidyr::pivot_wider(df, names_from = Samp_Num, values_from = Mark1:Mark3))
#OR
#tidyr::pivot_wider(df, names_from = Samp_Num, values_from = starts_with("Mark"))

# A tibble: 3 x 13
#  ID    Mark1_time1 Mark1_time2 Mark1_time3 Mark1_time4 Mark2_time1 Mark2_time2
#  <fct> <fct>       <fct>       <fct>       <fct>       <fct>       <fct>      
#1 Lion1 Marker1     Marker1     Marker1     Marker1     Marker2     Marker2    
#2 Lion2 Marker1     Marker1     Marker1     Marker1     Marker2     Marker2    
#3 Lion3 Marker1     Marker1     Marker1     Marker1     Marker2     Marker2    
# … with 6 more variables: Mark2_time3 <fct>, Mark2_time4 <fct>,
#   Mark3_time1 <fct>, Mark3_time2 <fct>, Mark3_time3 <fct>, Mark3_time4 <fct>

在我的示例数据中，我们有3列Mark列，现在在最终输出中有13列(每次3*4列+ 1)。同样，对于实际数据，您应该有369列(92 *4+ 1)。

数据

创建了一个小样本数据

df <- structure(list(ID = structure(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 
3L, 3L, 3L, 3L), .Label = c("Lion1", "Lion2", "Lion3"), class = "factor"), 
Samp_Num = structure(c(1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 
2L, 3L, 4L), .Label = c("time1", "time2", "time3", "time4"
), class = "factor"), Mark1 = structure(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L), .Label = "Marker1", class = "factor"), 
Mark2 = structure(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L), .Label = "Marker2", class = "factor"), Mark3 = structure(c(1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L), .Label = "Marker3", class = "factor")),
class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, -12L))