无法找到表示需要链接的库的文件。

Question

我已经构建并安装了我的目录/usr/local/lib的代码：

ls /usr/local/lib：

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root      4096 Apr  9 13:04 LibreSSL
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root      4096 Mar 20 09:54 netscape
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root      4096 Apr  9 20:06 pkgconfig
drwxrwsr-x 4 root staff     4096 Dec 28 21:56 python2.7
drwxrwsr-x 3 root staff     4096 Oct 17 09:24 python3.7
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  21403926 Apr  8 18:05 libcrypto.a
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root       969 Apr  8 18:05 libcrypto.la
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        19 Apr  8 18:05 libcrypto.so -> libcrypto.so.46.0.1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        19 Apr  8 18:05 libcrypto.so.46 -> libcrypto.so.46.0.1
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  10741400 Apr  8 18:05 libcrypto.so.46.0.1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   4714494 Apr  8 18:05 libssl.a
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root       976 Apr  8 18:05 libssl.la
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        16 Apr  8 18:05 libssl.so -> libssl.so.48.0.1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        16 Apr  8 18:05 libssl.so.48 -> libssl.so.48.0.1
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   2219448 Apr  8 18:05 libssl.so.48.0.1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    870622 Apr  8 18:05 libtls.a
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      1001 Apr  8 18:05 libtls.la
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        16 Apr  8 18:05 libtls.so -> libtls.so.20.0.1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        16 Apr  8 18:05 libtls.so.20 -> libtls.so.20.0.1
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    433640 Apr  8 18:05 libtls.so.20.0.1
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root       958 Apr  9 20:06 libwolfssl.la
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        20 Apr  9 20:06 libwolfssl.so -> libwolfssl.so.24.0.0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        20 Apr  9 20:06 libwolfssl.so.24 -> libwolfssl.so.24.0.0
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    473280 Apr  9 20:06 libwolfssl.so.24.0.0

我想使用来自wolfssl的hmac.h。但是，当我运行gcc -L/usr/local/lib -o my_hmac_test my_hmac_test.c -lwolfssl时，代码生成时带有一个警告，该警告稍后将寻址：

In file included from /usr/local/include/wolfssl/wolfcrypt/types.h:29,
                 from /usr/local/include/wolfssl/wolfcrypt/hash.h:29,
                 from /usr/local/include/wolfssl/wolfcrypt/hmac.h:31,
                 from my_hmac_test.c:1:
/usr/local/include/wolfssl/wolfcrypt/settings.h:2053:14: warning: #warning "For timing resistance / side-channel attack prevention consider using harden options" [-Wcpp]
 2053 |             #warning "For timing resistance / side-channel attack prevention consider using harden options"
      |              ^~~~~~~

但是，当我运行代码时。我知道这个错误：

./my_hmac_test: error while loading shared libraries: libwolfssl.so.24: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

我怎么才能解决这个问题？

-f -e打开gcc -L/usr/local/lib -o my_hmac_test my_hmac_test.c -lwolfssl：

strace: Process 32629 attached
In file included from /usr/local/include/wolfssl/wolfcrypt/types.h:29,
                 from /usr/local/include/wolfssl/wolfcrypt/hash.h:29,
                 from /usr/local/include/wolfssl/wolfcrypt/hmac.h:31,
                 from my_hmac_test.c:1:
/usr/local/include/wolfssl/wolfcrypt/settings.h:2053:14: warning: #warning "For timing resistance / side-channel attack prevention consider using harden options" [-Wcpp]
 2053 |             #warning "For timing resistance / side-channel attack prevention consider using harden options"
      |              ^~~~~~~
[pid 32629] +++ exited with 0 +++
--- SIGCHLD {si_signo=SIGCHLD, si_code=CLD_EXITED, si_pid=32629, si_uid=1000, si_status=0, si_utime=2, si_stime=1} ---
strace: Process 32630 attached
[pid 32630] +++ exited with 0 +++
--- SIGCHLD {si_signo=SIGCHLD, si_code=CLD_EXITED, si_pid=32630, si_uid=1000, si_status=0, si_utime=0, si_stime=0} ---
strace: Process 32631 attached
strace: Process 32632 attached
[pid 32632] +++ exited with 0 +++
[pid 32631] --- SIGCHLD {si_signo=SIGCHLD, si_code=CLD_EXITED, si_pid=32632, si_uid=1000, si_status=0, si_utime=1, si_stime=1} ---
[pid 32631] +++ exited with 0 +++
--- SIGCHLD {si_signo=SI

Answer 1

您观察到的编译器警告与运行时加载程序失败无关。

我已经构建并安装了代码到我的目录/usr/local/lib

在将任何新的共享库放置在链接器的默认搜索目录中之后，必须运行：

ldconfig

作为root，更新OS加载程序的系统库数据库。否则，在运行时，加载程序将仍然不知道新的库。在完成此操作之前，您实际上还没有完成新库的安装。如果您不这样做，那么您将不得不使用您发现的LD_LIBRARY_PATH黑客。

请参阅man ldconfig

Answer 2

进入我的终端export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib并从同一个终端运行gcc -L/usr/local/lib -o my_hmac_test my_hmac_test.c -lwolfssl。我现在应该将导出行添加到我的.bashrc中。