显示权限被拒绝的Aur包

Question

我正在为arch linux制作一个AUR包，我已经通过各种YouTube视频和博客文章以及正式的AUR打包文档制作了PKGBUILD文件，我想要的只是将python脚本移动到/usr/bin/目录，但是它抛出的权限错误被拒绝了。

这是我的用于AUR包的PKGBUILD文件

# Maintainer: Ashwini Sahu <ashwinisahu990@gmail.com>

_pkgname=hbhc
pkgname=${_pkgname}-git
pkgver=r15.e5f7975
pkgrel=1
pkgdesc="A fast and Open Source Home Baked Hash Cracker for linux Written in Python3"
arch=('any')
url="https://github.com/ASHWIN990/${_pkgname}/sssssssss"
license=('GPL3')
depends=(python3)
makedepends=(git)
source=("git://github.com/ASHWIN990/hbhc.git")
md5sums=('SKIP')

pkgver() {
        cd "$_pkgname"
        printf "r%s.%s" "$(git rev-list --count HEAD)" "$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)"
}

package() {
        cd "$_pkgname"
        install -m 644 ".man/hbhc.1.gz" "/usr/local/share/man/man1/"
        cp sha* /usr/bin/ | echo -e "MOVING THE PYTHON SCRIPTS IN /usr/bin"
        cp md5* /usr/bin/
        cp hbhc /usr/bin/
        cp .man/hbhc.1.gz /usr/local/share/man/man1/hbhc.1.gz
}

这是我在制作包时遇到的错误：

┌─[ashwinisahu@ashwini-main]─[~/Other/build]
└──╼ $makepkg
==> Making package: hbhc-git r15.e5f7975-1 (Friday 22 May 2020 01:45:52 AM)
==> Checking runtime dependencies...
==> Checking buildtime dependencies...
==> Retrieving sources...
  -> Cloning hbhc git repo...
Cloning into bare repository '/home/ashwinisahu/Other/build/hbhc'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 68, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (68/68), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (36/36), done.
remote: Total 68 (delta 37), reused 49 (delta 28), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (68/68), 15.20 MiB | 1.11 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (37/37), done.
==> Validating source files with md5sums...
    hbhc ... Skipped
==> Extracting sources...
  -> Creating working copy of hbhc git repo...
Cloning into 'hbhc'...
done.
==> Starting pkgver()...
==> Entering fakeroot environment...
==> Starting package()...
install: cannot create regular file '/usr/local/share/man/man1/hbhc.1.gz': Permission denied
==> ERROR: A failure occurred in package().
    Aborting...

我的新PKGBUILD文件如下所示，它运行时没有任何错误：

# Maintainer: Ashwini Sahu <ashwinisahu990@gmail.com>

_pkgname=hbhc
pkgname=${_pkgname}-git
pkgver=r17.82d9453
pkgrel=1
pkgdesc="A fast and Open Source Home Baked Hash Cracker for linux Written in Python3"
arch=('any')
url="https://github.com/ASHWIN990/${_pkgname}"
license=('GPL3')
depends=('python3')
makedepends=('git')
provides=('hbhc')
source=("git+https://github.com/ASHWIN990/hbhc.git")
md5sums=('SKIP')

pkgver() {
    cd "$_pkgname"
    printf "r%s.%s" "$(git rev-list --count HEAD)" "$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)"
}

package() {
    cd "$srcdir/${_pkgname}"
        install -Dm775 sha* -t ${pkgdir}/usr/bin/ | echo -e "MOVING THE PYTHON SCRIPTS IN /usr/bin"
        install -Dm775 md5* -t ${pkgdir}/usr/bin/
        install -Dm775 hbhc -t ${pkgdir}/usr/bin/
    install -Dm644 ${PWD}/.man/hbhc.1.gz -t ${pkgdir}/usr/share/man/man1/

}

Answer 1

(只是提醒一下，我不使用Arch，我也从未为此编写过PKGBUILD。我是Fedora的人，但是一个类似的错误经常咬我。)

package() {
        cd "$_pkgname"
        install -m 644 ".man/hbhc.1.gz" "/usr/local/share/man/man1/"
        cp sha* /usr/bin/ | echo -e "MOVING THE PYTHON SCRIPTS IN /usr/bin"
        cp md5* /usr/bin/
        cp hbhc /usr/bin/
        cp .man/hbhc.1.gz /usr/local/share/man/man1/hbhc.1.gz
}

此代码是在构建包时执行的，而不是在安装时执行的。这不是作为根用户运行的，而是作为包构建用户运行的(我不确定它在Arch上是什么)。作为非根用户，您试图将包复制到只有root才能写入的路径(如/usr/...)。这是不允许的，并导致权限问题：

==> Starting package()...
install: cannot create regular file '/usr/local/share/man/man1/hbhc.1.gz': Permission denied
==> ERROR: A failure occurred in package().

但是你也不想以根用户的身份运行。您需要做的是安装到特殊位置$pkgdir：https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Creating_packages#Defining_PKGBUILD_variables。这个特殊的位置看起来像/，但是您可以写信给它。$pkgdir中的所有内容都成为您正在构建的包的一部分。然后，当您安装刚刚构建的包时，从$pkgdir到/的所有内容都会被复制到/中。

换句话说，在构建包时，您可以将一些东西安装到$pkgdir/usr/bin/foo中。当安装该包时，该文件将被放置在/usr/bin/foo。

package() {
        cd "$_pkgname"
        install -m 644 ".man/hbhc.1.gz" "$pkgdir/usr/local/share/man/man1/"
        cp sha* "$pkgdir/usr/bin/"
        cp md5* "$pkgdir/usr/bin/"
        cp hbhc "$pkgdir/usr/bin/"
        cp .man/hbhc.1.gz "$pkgdir/usr/local/share/man/man1/hbhc.1.gz"
}

这种想法也被称为DESTDIR，它通常被记录在各种make和类似工具中：

• https://www.gnu.org/software/automake/manual/html_node/DESTDIR.html
• https://www.gnu.org/prep/standards/html_node/DESTDIR.html

希望这能帮你解决问题。