强制无头Chromium/Chrome使用实际gpu而不是Google SwiftShader

Question

我正在尝试使用 Headless Chromium（使用 Puppeteer）将 HTML 打印成 PDF，一切正常，但如果 HTML 包含较大的 PNG 图像（超过 10,000x10,000px），整个页面渲染过程会非常耗时（最多半小时，但如果使用非 Headless 模式，则只需大约 10 秒）。经过几天的调查和调整，我得出结论，这一定是页面合成过程的问题。

以下是无头模式和非无头模式下页面的转储chrome://gpu。我注意到的唯一显著区别是，在无头模式下运行 Chrome 时，Puppeteer 会自行附加内容--disable-gpu-compositing，--allow-pre-commit-input我认为这是导致性能大幅下降的原因。

此外，在非无头模式下，chrome 会看到 2 个 gpu 单元：

GPU0 VENDOR= 0x10de, DEVICE=0x1d01 *ACTIVE*
GPU1 VENDOR= 0x8086, DEVICE=0x1912

在无头模式下，只有一个：

GPU0 VENDOR= 0xffff [Google Inc.], DEVICE=0xffff [Google SwiftShader] *ACTIVE*

这是基于CPU的Vulkan和OpenGL ES图形API的实现。

所以我的问题是：

是否有办法使用实际的gpu (特别是gpu合成)通过 puppeteer 运行无头 chrome/chromium，或者有没有办法在非无头模式下将页面打印为 pdf？

这是我的非无头 chrome gpu 配置（页面渲染速度很快）：

Canvas: Hardware accelerated
Flash: Hardware accelerated
Flash Stage3D: Hardware accelerated
Flash Stage3D Baseline profile: Hardware accelerated
Compositing: Hardware accelerated
Multiple Raster Threads: Force enabled
Out-of-process Rasterization: Hardware accelerated
OpenGL: Enabled
Hardware Protected Video Decode: Unavailable
Rasterization: Hardware accelerated on all pages
Skia Renderer: Enabled
Video Decode: Unavailable
Vulkan: Disabled
WebGL: Hardware accelerated
WebGL2: Hardware accelerated

Chrome version: Chrome/83.0.4103.0
Operating system: Linux 4.13.0-46-generic
2D graphics backend: Skia/83 8ce842d38d0b32149e874d6855c91e8c68ba65a7

Command line:
/home/wojtas/projects/project-generator/node_modules/puppeteer/.local-
chromium/linux-756035/chrome-linux/chrome 
--disable-background-networking 
--enable-features=NetworkService,NetworkServiceInProcess 
--disable-background-timer-throttling 
--disable-backgrounding-occluded-windows 
--disable-breakpad 
--disable-client-side-phishing-detection 
--disable-component-extensions-with-background-pages 
--disable-default-apps 
--disable-dev-shm-usage 
--disable-extensions 
--disable-features=TranslateUI 
--disable-hang-monitor 
--disable-ipc-flooding-protection 
--disable-popup-blocking 
--disable-prompt-on-repost 
--disable-renderer-backgrounding 
--disable-sync 
--force-color-profile=srgb 
--metrics-recording-only 
--no-first-run
--enable-automation 
--password-store=basic 
--use-mock-keychain 
--disable-web-security 
--user-data-dir=/var/www/project-generator/var/chrome-user-data 
--allow-file-access-from-files 
--no-sandbox
--no-sandbox-and-elevated 
--no-zygote 
--enable-webgl 
--use-gl=desktop 
--use-skia-renderer 
--enable-gpu-rasterization 
--enable-zero-copy 
--disable-gpu-sandbox 
--enable-native-gpu-memory-buffers 
--disable-background-timer-throttling 
--disable-backgrounding-occluded-windows 
--disable-renderer-backgrounding 
--ignore-certificate-errors 
--enable-hardware-overlays 
--num-raster-threads=4 
--default-tile-width=512 
--default-tile-height=512 
--enable-oop-rasterization 
--remote-debugging-port=0 
--flag-switches-begin 
--flag-switches-end 
--enable-audio-service-sandbox 

这是无头 chrome gpu 配置（速度非常慢）

 Graphics Feature Status
Canvas: Hardware accelerated
Flash: Hardware accelerated
Flash Stage3D: Hardware accelerated
Flash Stage3D Baseline profile: Hardware accelerated
Compositing: Software only. Hardware acceleration disabled
Multiple Raster Threads: Force enabled
Out-of-process Rasterization: Hardware accelerated
OpenGL: Enabled
Hardware Protected Video Decode: Unavailable
Rasterization: Hardware accelerated on all pages
Skia Renderer: Enabled
Video Decode: Unavailable
Vulkan: Disabled
WebGL: Hardware accelerated but at reduced performance
WebGL2: Hardware accelerated but at reduced performance

Chrome version: HeadlessChrome/83.0.4103.0
Operating system: Linux 4.13.0-46-generic
2D graphics backend: Skia/83 8ce842d38d0b32149e874d6855c91e8c68ba65a7

Command Line:
/home/wojtas/projects/project-generator/node_modules/puppeteer/.local-chromium/linux-756035/chrome-linux/chrome 
--disable-background-networking 
--enable-features=NetworkService,NetworkServiceInProcess 
--disable-background-timer-throttling 
--disable-backgrounding-occluded-windows 
--disable-breakpad 
--disable-client-side-phishing-detection 
--disable-component-extensions-with-background-pages 
--disable-default-apps 
--disable-dev-shm-usage 
--disable-extensions 
--disable-features=TranslateUI 
--disable-hang-monitor
--disable-ipc-flooding-protection 
--disable-popup-blocking 
--disable-prompt-on-repost 
--disable-renderer-backgrounding 
--disable-sync 
--force-color-profile=srgb
--metrics-recording-only 
--no-first-run 
--enable-automation 
--password-store=basic 
--use-mock-keychain 
--headless 
--hide-scrollbars 
--mute-audio 
--disable-web-security 
--user-data-dir=/var/www/project-generator/var/chrome-user-data 
--allow-file-access-from-files 
--no-sandbox 
--no-sandbox-and-elevated 
--no-zygote 
--enable-webgl 
--use-gl=desktop 
--use-skia-renderer 
--enable-gpu-rasterization 
--enable-zero-copy 
--disable-gpu-sandbox 
--enable-native-gpu-memory-buffers 
--disable-background-timer-throttling 
--disable-backgrounding-occluded-windows 
--disable-renderer-backgrounding 
--ignore-certificate-errors 
--enable-hardware-overlays 
--num-raster-threads=4 
--default-tile-width=512 
--default-tile-height=512
--enable-oop-rasterization 
--remote-debugging-port=0 
--disable-gpu-compositing 
--allow-pre-commit-input 

即使我添加了--disable-webgl和--disable-webgl2，仍然在使用VENDOR= 0xffff [Google Inc.], DEVICE=0xffff [Google SwiftShader] *ACTIVE*。

此外：

已通过黑名单、about:flags 或命令行禁用 GPU 合成。浏览器将回退到软件合成，硬件加速将不可用。已禁用的功能：gpu_compositing 已通过黑名单或命令行禁用 WebGL。已禁用的功能：webgl 已通过黑名单或命令行禁用 WebGL2。已禁用的功能：webgl2

通知出现在chrome://gpu页面上

图形特征状态：

Canvas: Hardware accelerated
Flash: Hardware accelerated
Flash Stage3D: Hardware accelerated
Flash Stage3D Baseline profile: Hardware accelerated
Compositing: Software only. Hardware acceleration disabled
Multiple Raster Threads: Enabled
Out-of-process Rasterization: Disabled
OpenGL: Enabled
Hardware Protected Video Decode: Unavailable
Rasterization: Hardware accelerated on all pages
Skia Renderer: Enabled
Video Decode: Unavailable
Vulkan: Disabled
WebGL: Disabled
WebGL2: Disabled

Answer 1

你真的需要无头模式下的WebGL吗？

如果你删除这个参数..。

--enable-webgl

...它应该停止加载SwiftShader并坚持使用GPU。