如何用Python解析XSD文件

Question

如何解析下面的XSD以获取<xsd:complexType name="Register-Type" abstract="true">中的3个名称

我想得到名称“度量衡”、“描述”和“注释”，并将每个名称放在csv的一栏中(没有其他信息，只有这3个名称现在显示为标题)。

我正在尝试使用lxml，但是我不知道如何进入我想要的特定complexType标记。

以下是XSD文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsd:schema targetNamespace="urn:nortel:namespaces:mcp:oms" xmlns:mcp="urn:nortel:namespaces:mcp:oms" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:parm="http://www.nortelnetworks.com/namespaces/mcp/params" xmlns:xmllib="http://www.w3.org/2001/03/XMLSchema/TypeLibrary" elementFormDefault="qualified" attributeFormDefault="unqualified">

        <xsd:import namespace="http://www.nortelnetworks.com/namespaces/mcp/params" schemaLocation="../parms/basedefs.xsd"/>
        <xsd:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/2001/03/XMLSchema/TypeLibrary" schemaLocation="../w3org/TypeLibrary.xsd"/>
        
        <xsd:simpleType name="Precollector-Type">
                <xsd:annotation>
                        <xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">
                                This enumerates the types of pre-collector interfaces a helper class
                                will implement.
                        </xsd:documentation>
                </xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
                        <xsd:enumeration value="centurySecond"/>
                        <xsd:enumeration value="liveQuery"/>
                        <xsd:enumeration value="transferPeriod"/>
                </xsd:restriction>
        </xsd:simpleType>
        
        <xsd:simpleType name="Register-Name-Type">
                <xsd:annotation>
                        <xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">
                                This type defines the pattern for a allowed OM register name.
                        </xsd:documentation>
                </xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
                        <xsd:minLength value="1"/>
                        <xsd:pattern value="[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*"/>
                </xsd:restriction>
        </xsd:simpleType>
        
        <xsd:simpleType name="Class-Name-Type">
                <xsd:annotation>
                        <xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">
                                This type defines the pattern for a allowed class name.
                        </xsd:documentation>
                </xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
                        <xsd:minLength value="1"/>
                        <xsd:pattern value="[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*"/>
                </xsd:restriction>
        </xsd:simpleType>

        <xsd:simpleType name="Package-Name-Type">
                <xsd:annotation>
                        <xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">
                                This type defines the pattern for a allowed package name.
                        </xsd:documentation>
                </xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
                        <xsd:minLength value="1"/>
                        <xsd:pattern value="([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)([.][a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)*"/>
                </xsd:restriction>
        </xsd:simpleType>
        
        <xsd:simpleType name="Group-Name-Type">
                <xsd:annotation>
                        <xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">
                                This type defines the pattern for a allowed OM group name.
                        </xsd:documentation>
                </xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
                        <xsd:minLength value="1"/>
                        <xsd:maxLength value="32"/>
                        <xsd:pattern value="[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*"/>
                </xsd:restriction>
        </xsd:simpleType>

        <xsd:complexType name="NE-List-Type">
            <xsd:sequence>
                <xsd:element name="ne" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded">
                    <xsd:simpleType>
                        <xsd:restriction base="parm:NE-Base-Type"/>
                    </xsd:simpleType>
                </xsd:element>
            </xsd:sequence>
        </xsd:complexType>

        <xsd:element name="list" type="mcp:NE-List-Type">
                <xsd:unique name="UniqueNEinList">
                    <xsd:selector xpath="mcp:ne"/>
                    <xsd:field xpath="."/>
                </xsd:unique>
        </xsd:element>

        <xsd:complexType name="OM-NE-List-Type">
                <xsd:annotation>
                        <xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">
                                This type defines the way that you define which NE types
                                will generate a given OM group.  It uses the NE base type
                                that we use for our engineering and configuration parameters.
                        </xsd:documentation>
                </xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:choice>
                        <xsd:element name="all">
                                <xsd:complexType/>
                        </xsd:element>
                        <xsd:element ref="mcp:list"/>
                </xsd:choice>
        </xsd:complexType>
        
        <xsd:complexType name="OM-Installation-Type">
            <xsd:sequence>
                <xsd:element name="package" type="mcp:Package-Name-Type"/>
                <xsd:element ref="mcp:list"/>
            </xsd:sequence>
        </xsd:complexType>

        <xsd:complexType name="Register-Type" abstract="true">
                <xsd:sequence>
                        <xsd:element name="measures" type="xmllib:text"/>
                        <xsd:element name="description" type="xmllib:text"/>
                        <xsd:element name="notes" type="xmllib:text" minOccurs="0"/>
                </xsd:sequence>
                <xsd:attribute name="name" type="mcp:Register-Name-Type" use="required"/>
        </xsd:complexType>
        
        <xsd:complexType name="Counter-Type">
                <xsd:complexContent>
                        <xsd:extension base="mcp:Register-Type"/>
                </xsd:complexContent>
        </xsd:complexType>
        
        <xsd:complexType name="Usage-Type">
                <xsd:complexContent>
                        <xsd:extension base="mcp:Register-Type">
                                <xsd:attribute name="hasThresholds" type="xsd:boolean" default="false"/>
                        </xsd:extension>
                </xsd:complexContent>
        </xsd:complexType>
        
        <xsd:complexType name="LowWaterGauge-Type">
                <xsd:complexContent>
                        <xsd:extension base="mcp:Register-Type"/>
                </xsd:complexContent>
        </xsd:complexType>
        
        <xsd:complexType name="HighWaterGauge-Type">
                <xsd:complexContent>
                        <xsd:extension base="mcp:Register-Type"/>
                </xsd:complexContent>
        </xsd:complexType>
        
        <xsd:complexType name="Gauge-Ref-Type">
                <xsd:attribute name="ref" type="mcp:Register-Name-Type" use="required"/>
        </xsd:complexType>
        
        <xsd:complexType name="Multi-Gauge-Ref-Type">
                <xsd:attribute name="lwref" type="mcp:Register-Name-Type" use="required"/>
                <xsd:attribute name="hwref" type="mcp:Register-Name-Type" use="required"/>
        </xsd:complexType>
        
        <xsd:complexType name="WaterMark-Type">
                <xsd:complexContent>
                        <xsd:extension base="mcp:Register-Type">
                                <xsd:choice>
                                        <xsd:element name="lwg" type="mcp:Gauge-Ref-Type"/>
                                        <xsd:element name="hwg" type="mcp:Gauge-Ref-Type"/>
                                        <xsd:element name="bwg" type="mcp:Multi-Gauge-Ref-Type"/>
                                </xsd:choice>
                        </xsd:extension>
                </xsd:complexContent>
        </xsd:complexType>
        
        <xsd:element name="register" type="mcp:Register-Type" abstract="true"/>
        <xsd:element name="counter" type="mcp:Counter-Type" substitutionGroup="mcp:register"/>
        <xsd:element name="usage" type="mcp:Usage-Type" substitutionGroup="mcp:register"/>
        <xsd:element name="lwGauge" type="mcp:LowWaterGauge-Type" substitutionGroup="mcp:register"/>
        <xsd:element name="hwGauge" type="mcp:HighWaterGauge-Type" substitutionGroup="mcp:register"/>
        <xsd:element name="waterMark" type="mcp:WaterMark-Type" substitutionGroup="mcp:register"/>
        
        <xsd:complexType name="Helper-Class-Type">
                <xsd:sequence>
                        <xsd:element name="package" type="mcp:Package-Name-Type"/>
                        <xsd:element name="class" type="mcp:Class-Name-Type"/>
                        <xsd:element name="collector" type="mcp:Precollector-Type" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded" />
                </xsd:sequence>
        </xsd:complexType>
        
        <xsd:complexType name="Row-Type">
                <xsd:sequence>
                        <xsd:element name="package" type="mcp:Package-Name-Type"/>
                        <xsd:element name="class" type="mcp:Class-Name-Type"/>
                        <xsd:element ref="mcp:register" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
                        <!-- Note that merely having a precollector with a centurySecond element is enough to indicate that you require   -->
                        <!-- a century second scan, so there's no additional markup on the group to show that. -->
                        <xsd:element name="precollector" minOccurs="0" type="mcp:Helper-Class-Type">
                                <xsd:unique name="NoDuplicatePrecollectorTypes">
                                <xsd:selector xpath="mcp:collector"/>
                                <xsd:field xpath="."/>
                                </xsd:unique>
                        </xsd:element>
                </xsd:sequence>
        </xsd:complexType>
        
        <xsd:complexType name="Group-Description-Type">
                <xsd:sequence>
                        <xsd:element name="description" type="xmllib:text"/>
                        <xsd:element name="rowKey" type="xmllib:text"/>
                </xsd:sequence>
        </xsd:complexType>
        
        <xsd:complexType name="Group-Type">
                <xsd:sequence>
                        <xsd:element name="name" type="mcp:Group-Name-Type"/>
                        <xsd:element name="row" type="mcp:Row-Type">
                                <xsd:unique name="uniqueRegisterNameInRow">
                                        <xsd:selector xpath="mcp:counter|mcp:usage|mcp:lwGauge|mcp:hwGauge|mcp:waterMark"/>
                                        <xsd:field xpath="@name"/>
                                </xsd:unique>
                                <xsd:key name="lwgauge-name">
                                        <xsd:selector xpath="mcp:lwGauge"/>
                                        <xsd:field xpath="@name"/>
                                </xsd:key>
                                <xsd:key name="hwgauge-name">
                                        <xsd:selector xpath="mcp:hwGauge"/>
                                        <xsd:field xpath="@name"/>
                                </xsd:key>
                                <xsd:key name="multi-gauge-name">
                                        <xsd:selector xpath="mcp:waterMark/mcp:bwg"/>
                                        <xsd:field xpath="@lwref"/>
                                        <xsd:field xpath="@hwref"/>
                                </xsd:key>
                                <xsd:key name="unique-lwg-ref">
                                        <xsd:selector xpath="mcp:waterMark/mcp:lwg"/>
                                        <xsd:field xpath="@ref"/>
                                </xsd:key>
                                <xsd:key name="unique-hwg-ref">
                                        <xsd:selector xpath="mcp:waterMark/mcp:hwg"/>
                                        <xsd:field xpath="@ref"/>
                                </xsd:key>
                                <xsd:key name="unique-bwg-lwref">
                                        <xsd:selector xpath="mcp:waterMark/mcp:bwg"/>
                                        <xsd:field xpath="@lwref"/>
                                </xsd:key>
                                <xsd:key name="unique-bwg-hwref">
                                        <xsd:selector xpath="mcp:waterMark/mcp:bwg"/>
                                        <xsd:field xpath="@hwref"/>
                                </xsd:key>
                                <!-- Unfortunately, I cannot figure out a way to -->
                                <!-- prevent someone from referencing a gauge    -->
                                <!-- simultaneously from a l/hwg and bwg element -->
                                <!-- without using something like schematron.    -->
                                <xsd:keyref name="lwg-ref" refer="mcp:lwgauge-name">
                                        <xsd:selector xpath="mcp:waterMark/mcp:lwg"/>
                                        <xsd:field xpath="@ref"/>
                                </xsd:keyref>
                                <xsd:keyref name="hwg-ref" refer="mcp:hwgauge-name">
                                        <xsd:selector xpath="mcp:waterMark/mcp:hwg"/>
                                        <xsd:field xpath="@ref"/>
                                </xsd:keyref>
                                <xsd:keyref name="bwg-lwref" refer="mcp:lwgauge-name">
                                        <xsd:selector xpath="mcp:waterMark/mcp:bwg"/>
                                        <xsd:field xpath="@lwref"/>
                                </xsd:keyref>
                                <xsd:keyref name="bwg-hwref" refer="mcp:hwgauge-name">
                                        <xsd:selector xpath="mcp:waterMark/mcp:bwg"/>
                                        <xsd:field xpath="@hwref"/>
                                </xsd:keyref>
                        </xsd:element>
                        <xsd:element name="documentation" type="mcp:Group-Description-Type"/>
                        <xsd:element name="generatedOn" type="mcp:OM-NE-List-Type"/>
                </xsd:sequence>
                <xsd:attribute name="traffic" type="xsd:boolean" default="false"/>
                <xsd:attribute name="neLevel" type="xsd:boolean" default="false">
                    <xsd:annotation>
                        <xsd:documentation>
                            This attribute is set to true for those OM groups that measure
                            something that can only be counted on the active network element
                            instance.  Many call-related counts require this attribute to
                            be set to "true" to ensure that any averages are calculated
                            correctly.
                        </xsd:documentation>
                    </xsd:annotation>
                </xsd:attribute>
        </xsd:complexType>
        
        <xsd:element name="omGroups">
                <xsd:annotation>
                        <xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">
                                Each OM row class can belong to one and only one OM group.
                                That is more restrictive than the underlying framework, but
                                it would be difficult to impossible to make the documentation 
                                markup work since the meaning of the fields would change depending on 
                                the OM group to which the class belonged.
                        </xsd:documentation>
                </xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:complexType>
                        <xsd:sequence>
                            <xsd:element name="install" type="mcp:OM-Installation-Type" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
                            <xsd:element name="group" type="mcp:Group-Type" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
                        </xsd:sequence>
                </xsd:complexType>
                <!-- Each OM group name must be unique -->
                <xsd:unique name="uniqueGroupName">
                        <xsd:selector xpath="mcp:group"/>
                        <xsd:field xpath="mcp:name"/>
                </xsd:unique>
                <!-- Each OM row class can belong to one and only one OM group.            -->
                <!-- That is more restrictive than the underlying framework, but           -->
                <!-- it would be difficult to impossible to make the documentation         -->
                <!-- markup work since the meaning of the fields would change depending on -->
                <!-- the OM group to which the class belonged.                             -->
                <xsd:unique name="uniqueRowClass">
                        <xsd:selector xpath="mcp:group/mcp:row"/>
                        <xsd:field xpath="mcp:package"/>
                        <xsd:field xpath="mcp:class"/>
                </xsd:unique>
        </xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>

我试过的

from xml.etree import ElementTree
import csv


tree = ElementTree.parse('Omschema.xsd')

sitescope_data = open('Out.csv', 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8')
csvwriter = csv.writer(sitescope_data)

#Create all needed columns here in order and writes them to excel file

def recurse(root):
    for child in root:
        recurse(child)
        print(child.tag)

    for event in root.findall('{http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema}complexType'):
        event_data = []
        event_id = event.find('{http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema}sequence')
        if event_id != None:
            event_id = event_id.text
        event_data.append(event_id)

        csvwriter.writerow(event_data)

root = tree.getroot()
recurse(root)
sitescope_data.close()

Answer 1

既然您标记了BeautifulSoup，下面是如何实现它：

import csv
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

soup = BeautifulSoup(your_xml, "xml")

tag_names = soup.find("xsd:complexType", {"name": "Register-Type"})

with open('data.csv', 'w') as f:
    headers = [tag['name'] for tag in tag_names.find_all("xsd:element")]
    writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=headers)
    writer.writeheader()

data.csv

measures,description,notes