刮伤:无法理解关于robots.txt的日志

Question

我的问题是，如果这个日志意味着网站不能被刮掉？我改变了我的用户代理看起来像一个浏览器，但它没有帮助。此外，我省略了"start_requests“中的"s”，但这也没有帮助。即使我在seetings.py中更改了"ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False“，但也没有帮助。

这是我得到的日志：

2020-11-17 18:06:41 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2020-11-17 18:06:41 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] INFO: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6023
2020-11-17 18:06:42 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://podcasts.apple.com/robots.txt> (referer: None)
2020-11-17 18:06:42 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts/id1301> (referer: None)
2020-11-17 18:06:43 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts/id1301> (referer: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts/id1301)
2020-11-17 18:06:43 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts-books/id1482> (referer: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts/id1301)
2020-11-18 17:29:49 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
2020-11-18 17:29:49 [scrapy.statscollectors] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats:
{'downloader/request_bytes': 1342,
 'downloader/request_count': 4,
 'downloader/request_method_count/GET': 4,
 'downloader/response_bytes': 67297,
 'downloader/response_count': 4,
 'downloader/response_status_count/200': 4,
 'finish_reason': 'finished',
 'finish_time': datetime.datetime(2020, 11, 18, 13, 59, 49, 133234),
 'httpcache/hit': 4,
 'log_count/DEBUG': 5,
 'log_count/INFO': 9,
 'request_depth_max': 2,
 'response_received_count': 4,
 'robotstxt/request_count': 1,
 'robotstxt/response_count': 1,
 'robotstxt/response_status_count/200': 1,
 'scheduler/dequeued': 3,
 'scheduler/dequeued/memory': 3,
 'scheduler/enqueued': 3,
 'scheduler/enqueued/memory': 3,
 'start_time': datetime.datetime(2020, 11, 18, 13, 59, 48, 758371)}
2020-11-18 17:29:49 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider closed (finished)

这是我蜘蛛的一部分：

import scrapy


class ApplePodcastSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'apple_podcast'
    allowed_domains = ['podcasts.apple.com']

    def start_requests(self):
            yield scrapy.Request(url='https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts/id1301',
                callback= self.parse_categories, dont_filter=True)


    def parse_categories(self, response):
            categories=response.xpath("//ul[@class='list column first']")
            for category in categories:
                category_name=category.xpath(".//li/a/text()").get()
                category_link=category.xpath(".//li/a/@href").get()
                yield response.follow(url=category_link, callback=self.parse_sub_categories, meta={'category_name': category_name}, dont_filter=True)

    def parse_sub_categories(self, response):
            category_name=response.request.meta['category_name']
            sub_categories=response.xpath("//ul[@class='list column first']/li")
            for sub_category in sub_categories:
                sub_category_name=sub_category.xpath(".//ul[@class='list top-level-subgenres']/li/a/text()").get()
                sub_category_link=sub_category.xpath(".//ul[@class='list top-level-subgenres']/li/a/@href").get()
                if sub_category_link is None:
                    pass
                else:
                    yield response.follow(url=sub_category_link, callback=self.parse_alphabet, meta={'category_name': category_name,'sub_category_name': sub_category_name}, dont_filter=True)
                

    def parse_alphabet(self,response):
            category_name=response.request.meta['category_name']
            sub_category_name=response.request.meta['sub_category_name']
            alphabets=response.xpath("//div[@class='content']/div[@class='padder']/div[@class='selectedgenre']")
            for alphabet in alphabets:
                alphabet_link=alphabet.xpath(".//ul[@class='list alpha']/li/a[@class='selected']/@href").get()
                yield response.follow(url=alphabet_link, callback=self.parse_podcasts_link, meta={'category_name': category_name, 'sub_category_name': sub_category_name}, dont_filter=True)
     

    def parse_podcasts_link(self, response):
            category_name=response.request.meta['category_name']
            sub_category_name=response.request.meta['sub_category_name']
            podcasts=response.xpath("//div[@class='grid3-column']")
            for podcast in podcasts:
                podcast_name=podcast.xpath(".//div[@class='column first']/ul/li/a/text()").get()
                podcast_link=podcast.xpath(".//div[@class='column first']/ul/li/a/@href").get()
            
            for podcast in podcasts:
                podcast_name=podcast.xpath(".//div[@class='column']/ul/li/a/text()").get()
                podcast_link=podcast.xpath(".//div[@class='column']/ul/li/a/@href").get()
            
            for podcast in podcasts:
                podcast_name=podcast.xpath(".//div[@class='column last']/ul/li/a/text()").get()
                podcast_link=podcast.xpath(".//div[@class='column last']/ul/li/a/@href").get()
                yield response.follow(url=podcast_link, callback=self.parse_podcasts, meta={'category_name':category_name,'sub_category_name':sub_category_name,'podcast_name':podcast_name}, dont_filter=True)    


    def parse_podcasts(self, response):
            category_name = response.request.meta['category_name']
            sub_category_name = response.request.meta['sub_category_name']
            podcast_name = response.request.meta['podcast_name']
            podcasts = response.xpath("//div[@class='ember-view l-content-width section section--hero product-hero']/section[@class='ember-view']/div[@class='l-row']")
            for podcast in podcasts:
                rate = podcast.xpath(".//div[@class='l-column small-12 medium-7 large-8 small-valign-top']/div[@class='l-row']/div[@class='l-column small-7 medium-12 small-valign-top']/header[@class='product-header product-header--padded-start podcast-header']/ul[@class='product-header__list podcast-header__list']/li[2]//ul[@class='inline-list inline-list--mobile-compact']/li[@class='inline-list__item']/figure/figcaption/text()[1]").get()
                rating_number = podcast.xpath(".//div[@class='l-column small-12 medium-7 large-8 small-valign-top']/div[@class='l-row']/div[@class='l-column small-7 medium-12 small-valign-top']/header[@class='product-header product-header--padded-start podcast-header']/ul[@class='product-header__list podcast-header__list']/li[2]//ul[@class='inline-list inline-list--mobile-compact']/li[@class='inline-list__item']/figure/figcaption/text()[3]").get()
               

                yield{
                    'category_name':category_name,
                    'sub_category_name':sub_category_name,
                    'podcast_name':podcast_name,
                    'rate':rate,
                    'rating_number':rating_number
                }
            next_page=response.xpath("//div[@class='content']/div[@class='padder']/div[@class='selectedgenre']/ul[@class='list paginate']/li/a[@class='selected']/@href").get()
            if next_page:
                yield scrapy.Request(url=next_page, callback=self.parse_podcasts, dont_filter=True)

有谁能帮我理解问题是什么，以及我如何解决问题？

谢谢！

--EDIT1 1--

更改"allowed_domains“部分后得到的日志：

2020-11-18 13:49:18 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2020-11-18 13:49:18 [scrapy.extensions.httpcache] DEBUG: Using filesystem cache storage in C:\Users\shima\projects\apple_podcasts\.scrapy\httpcache
2020-11-18 13:49:18 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] INFO: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6023
2020-11-18 13:49:18 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://podcasts.apple.com/robots.txt> (referer: None) ['cached']
2020-11-18 13:49:18 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts/id1301> (referer: None) ['cached']
2020-11-18 13:49:18 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts/id1301> (referer: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts/id1301) ['cached']
2020-11-18 13:49:18 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts-books/id1482> (referer: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts/id1301) ['cached']

-EDIT2 2

删除"try和got“语句后获得的日志：

2020-11-18 13:53:07 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2020-11-18 13:53:07 [scrapy.extensions.httpcache] DEBUG: Using filesystem cache storage in C:\Users\shima\projects\apple_podcasts\.scrapy\httpcache
2020-11-18 13:53:07 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] INFO: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6023
2020-11-18 13:53:07 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://podcasts.apple.com/robots.txt> (referer: None) ['cached']
2020-11-18 13:53:07 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts/id1301> (referer: None) ['cached']
2020-11-18 13:53:07 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts/id1301> (referer: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts/id1301) ['cached']
2020-11-18 13:53:07 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts-books/id1482> (referer: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts/id1301) ['cached']

Answer 1

执行日志中没有任何问题.

2020-11-17 18:06:42 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts/id1301> (referer: None)

这些都是调试消息，它告诉您您的蜘蛛爬行了所提到的URL。如果你不想看到它，你可以在你的LOG_LEVEL='INFO'在你的settings.py。

另外，您没有定义任何要抓取的项，只是定义了要爬行的页面，所以蜘蛛将遍历这些页面并最终关闭。

编辑：

我还没有检查过您的全部代码，但我确实执行了一次，注意到了一些问题。

此选择器将返回空：

 alphabets=response.xpath("//div[@class='content']/div[@class='padder']/div[@class='selectedgenre']")

您对@class和'selectedgenre'都使用了'content'而不是@id。XPath应该是：

//div[@id='content']/div[@class='padder']/div[@id='selectedgenre']

请注意，这将只返回一个选择器，因此不应该对其进行迭代。您可能希望在链接上进行迭代。

--这也将返回空：

alphabet_link=alphabet.xpath(".//ul[@class='list alpha']/li/a[@class='selected']/@href").get()

因为在您使用的a中没有'selected'类(默认情况下)的XPath元素。

我想会有更多的坏XPaths，所以您应该检查选择器，以确保您的XPaths是正确的，并且它们正在返回您期望的。没有与robots.txt相关的问题。