未定义的符号，尽管已在链接库中定义(CUDA 10.1)

Question

我有一个库my_lib.so，它链接到几个CUDA10.1库，包括libnppicc.so。

在库上运行ldd会输出以下所有依赖项，从而正确地解决这些依赖关系：

12:51:45 ~/ $ ldd my_lib.so
        linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007fffc5183000)
        libopenblas.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopenblas.so.0 (0x00007f8bdbb00000)
        librt.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt.so.1 (0x00007f8bdbaf6000)
        libomp.so => /usr/lib/llvm-7/lib/libomp.so (0x00007f8bdba0d000)
        libpthread.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f8bdb9ec000)
        libcudnn.so.7 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcudnn.so.7 (0x00007f8bc5100000)
        libdl.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f8bc50f9000)
        libcudart.so.10.1 => /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudart.so.10.1 (0x00007f8bc4e33000)
        libcublas.so.10 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcublas.so.10 (0x00007f8bc1098000)
        libcufft.so.10 => /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libcufft.so.10 (0x00007f8bb2d34000)
        libcusolver.so.10 => /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcusolver.so.10 (0x00007f8ba8229000)
        libcurand.so.10 => /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libcurand.so.10 (0x00007f8ba32f9000)
        libnppicc.so.10 => /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppicc.so.10 (0x00007f8ba2cba000)
        libnppial.so.10 => /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppial.so.10 (0x00007f8ba1f67000)
        libnppist.so.10 => /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppist.so.10 (0x00007f8ba0b11000)
        libnppidei.so.10 => /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppidei.so.10 (0x00007f8ba0121000)
        libnppig.so.10 => /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppig.so.10 (0x00007f8b9e64f000)
        libnppitc.so.10 => /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppitc.so.10 (0x00007f8b9e165000)
        libnpps.so.10 => /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnpps.so.10 (0x00007f8b9d6de000)
        libnvToolsExt.so.1 => /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libnvToolsExt.so.1 (0x00007f8b9d4d5000)
        libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007f8b9d351000)
        libm.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007f8b9d1ce000)
        libmvec.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmvec.so.1 (0x00007f8b9d1a2000)
        libgcc_s.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f8b9d188000)
        libc.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f8b9cfc5000)
        /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f8c3990d000)
        libgfortran.so.5 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgfortran.so.5 (0x00007f8b9cd57000)
        libcublasLt.so.10 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcublasLt.so.10 (0x00007f8b9aeb3000)
        libnppc.so.10 => /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppc.so.10 (0x00007f8b9ac38000)
        libquadmath.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libquadmath.so.0 (0x00007f8b9abf4000)
        libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0x00007f8b9a9d6000)

接下来，我有一个python绑定库，它可以正确地链接到这个共享库lib_tf.so。当我试图运行一个导入python模块的简单python程序时，我会得到以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 8, in <module>
    import myLib
ImportError: /home/Jim/my_python_bindings_lib.cpython-37m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so: undefined symbol: nppiGammaInv_8u_C3IR

因此，我们得到了一个未定义的符号错误到nppiGammaInv_8u_C3IR。奇怪的是，这个符号是在被链接的libnppicc.so中定义的。

我们可以通过运行nm来确认这种情况。

12:51:53 ~/$ nm -D /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppicc.so.10 | gr
ep nppiGammaInv_8u_C3IR
0000000000090590 T nppiGammaInv_8u_C3IR
00000000000907b0 T nppiGammaInv_8u_C3IR_Ctx

当符号有定义时，我为什么要得到这个错误？奇怪的是，当我在安装了CUDA 10.1的其他机器上运行相同的测试脚本& libs时，它工作得很好。所以这台机器出了点问题，但我不知道是什么。我还在这台机器上安装了cuda 11.1，不确定这是否相关。

编辑

有人建议我也在python绑定库上运行ldd，如下所示：

09:49:10 ~/ $ ldd my_python_bindings_lib.cpython-37m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
        linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffd3f79c000)
        my_lib.so => /home/Jim/my_lib.so (0x00007f5a522f4000)
        libgomp.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgomp.so.1 (0x00007f5a522c3000)
        libpthread.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f5a522a2000)
        libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007f5a5211e000)
        libm.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007f5a51f9b000)
        libgcc_s.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f5a51f7f000)
        libc.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f5a51dbe000)
        /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f5ab0bd0000)
        libopenblas.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopenblas.so.0 (0x00007f5a4fbda000)
        librt.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt.so.1 (0x00007f5a4fbd0000)
        libomp.so => /usr/lib/llvm-7/lib/libomp.so (0x00007f5a4fae7000)
        libcudnn.so.7 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcudnn.so.7 (0x00007f5a391fb000)
        libdl.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f5a391f4000)
        libcudart.so.10.1 => /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudart.so.10.1 (0x00007f5a38f2e000)
        libcublas.so.10 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcublas.so.10 (0x00007f5a35193000)
        libcufft.so.10 => /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libcufft.so.10 (0x00007f5a26e2f000)
        libcusolver.so.10 => /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcusolver.so.10 (0x00007f5a1c324000)
        libcurand.so.10 => /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libcurand.so.10 (0x00007f5a173f2000)
        libnvToolsExt.so.1 => /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libnvToolsExt.so.1 (0x00007f5a171e9000)
        libgfortran.so.5 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgfortran.so.5 (0x00007f5a16f7b000)
        libcublasLt.so.10 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcublasLt.so.10 (0x00007f5a150d7000)
        libquadmath.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libquadmath.so.0 (0x00007f5a15093000)
        libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0x00007f5a14e75000)

Answer 1

您正在导入一个Python模块，它依赖于my_python_bindings_lib.cpython-37m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so。

那个图书馆：

1. 有未解决的符号nppiGammaInv_8u_C3IR (在libnppicc中定义)，
2. 不依赖于定义符号的libnppicc.so.10。

my_python_bindings_lib极有可能依赖于libnppicc (因为它使用了在那里定义的符号)，并且添加该依赖将解决您的import问题。