在python中迭代嵌套列表/字典

Question

我正在尝试解析一个yaml文件- https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/master/semantic_conventions/resource/cloud.yaml

我使用以下代码

with open('cloud.yaml') as f:
    my_dict = yaml.safe_load(f)

print(my_dict)

生成以下字典：

{'groups': [{'id': 'cloud', 'prefix': 'cloud', 'brief': 'A cloud infrastructure (e.g. GCP, Azure, AWS)\n', 'attributes': [{'id': 'provider', 'type': {'allow_custom_values': True, 'members': [{'id': 'AWS', 'value': 'aws', 'brief': 'Amazon Web Services'}, {'id': 'Azure', 'value': 'azure', 'brief': 'Microsoft Azure'}, {'id': 'GCP', 'value': 'gcp', 'brief': 'Google Cloud Platform'}]}, 'brief': 'Name of the cloud provider.\n', 'examples': 'gcp'}, {'id': 'account.id', 'type': 'string', 'brief': 'The cloud account ID used to identify different entities.\n', 'examples': ['opentelemetry']}, {'id': 'region', 'type': 'string', 'brief': 'A specific geographical location where different entities can run.\n', 'examples': ['us-central1']}, {'id': 'zone', 'type': 'string', 'brief': 'Zones are a sub set of the region connected through low-latency links.\n', 'note': 'In AWS, this is called availability-zone.\n', 'examples': ['us-central1-a']}]}]}

我想迭代这些元素并提取以下值

1. id -
2. all attributes -> id - provider；id - account.id；id -region；id -zone
3. 成员- aws，azure，gcp

我试图使用下面的代码来检查所有的键值

for groups in my_dict.values():
    print(groups)

输出是

[{'id': 'cloud', 'prefix': 'cloud', 'brief': 'A cloud infrastructure (e.g. GCP, Azure, AWS)\n', 'attributes': [{'id': 'provider', 'type': {'allow_custom_values': True, 'members': [{'id': 'AWS', 'value': 'aws', 'brief': 'Amazon Web Services'}, {'id': 'Azure', 'value': 'azure', 'brief': 'Microsoft Azure'}, {'id': 'GCP', 'value': 'gcp', 'brief': 'Google Cloud Platform'}]}, 'brief': 'Name of the cloud provider.\n', 'examples': 'gcp'}, {'id': 'account.id', 'type': 'string', 'brief': 'The cloud account ID used to identify different entities.\n', 'examples': ['opentelemetry']}, {'id': 'region', 'type': 'string', 'brief': 'A specific geographical location where different entities can run.\n', 'examples': ['us-central1']}, {'id': 'zone', 'type': 'string', 'brief': 'Zones are a sub set of the region connected through low-latency links.\n', 'note': 'In AWS, this is called availability-zone.\n', 'examples': ['us-central1-a']}]}]

我想单独打印所有值，例如云、云基础设施(例如GCP、Azure、AWS)\n等。

我需要的输出是打印以下值：

cloud, A cloud infrastructure (e.g. GCP, Azure, AWS).
cloud.provider,, Name of the cloud provider.
cloud.provider.member, AWS, Amazon Web Services
cloud.provider.member, azure, Microsoft Azure
cloud.provider.member, GCP, Google Cloud Platform
cloud.account.id, string, The cloud account ID used to identify different entities.
cloud.region, string, A specific geographical location where different entities can run.    
.
.
.
.

Answer 1

还可以以泛型方式实现，以验证“type”中的值是否为dict实例：

假设变量parsed_dict在解析jaml文件后得到结果：

def remove_end_of_line_char(line_text):
    if len(line_text) > 0 and line_text[-1] == '\n':
        line_text = line_text[:-1]

    return line_text


data_groups = parsed_dict["groups"]
for group in data_groups:
    msg = remove_end_of_line_char(f"{group['id']}, {group['brief']}")
    print(msg)
    attributes_list = group["attributes"]
    for attribute in attributes_list:
        attr_type = attribute['type']
        if isinstance(attr_type, dict):
            print(f"{group['id']}.{attribute['id']},, {remove_end_of_line_char(attribute['brief'])}")
            cloud_provider_member_prefix = f"{group['id']}.{attribute['id']}.member, "
            for member in attr_type['members']:
                print(f"{cloud_provider_member_prefix}{member['id']}, {member['brief']}")
        else:
            msg = remove_end_of_line_char(f"{group['id']}.{attribute['id']}, {attribute['type']}, {attribute['brief']}")
            print(msg)

Answer 2

这是你的输出字典。我让它可读的

myDict = {
'groups': [
    {
        'id': 'cloud', 
        'prefix': 'cloud', 
        'brief': 'A cloud infrastructure (e.g. GCP, Azure, AWS)\n', 
        'attributes': [
            {
                'id': 'provider', 
                'type': {
                    'allow_custom_values': True, 
                    'members': [
                        {
                            'id': 'AWS', 
                            'value': 'aws', 
                            'brief': 'Amazon Web Services'
                            
                        }, 
                        {
                            'id': 'Azure', 
                            'value': 'azure', 
                            'brief': 'Microsoft Azure'
                            
                        }, 
                        {
                            'id': 'GCP', 
                            'value': 'gcp', 
                            'brief': 'Google Cloud Platform'
                            
                        }
                    ]
                    
                }, 
                'brief': 'Name of the cloud provider.\n',
                'examples': 'gcp'
                
            }, 
            {
                'id': 'account.id', 
                'type': 'string', 
                'brief': 'The cloud account ID used to identify different entities.\n', 
                'examples': ['opentelemetry']}, 
                {
                    'id': 'region', 
                    'type': 'string', 
                    'brief': 'A specific geographical location where different entities can run.\n',
                    'examples': ['us-central1']
                    
                },
                {
                    'id': 'zone', 
                    'type': 'string', 
                    'brief': 'Zones are a sub set of the region connected through low-latency links.\n',
                    'note': 'In AWS, this is called availability-zone.\n',
                    'examples': ['us-central1-a']
                    
                }
        ]
    }
]

}

现在我们可以清楚地看到它。

for v in myDict['groups'][0].items():
    print(v)

输出：

('id', 'cloud')
('prefix', 'cloud')
('brief', 'A cloud infrastructure (e.g. GCP, Azure, AWS)\n')
('attributes', [{'id': 'provider', 'type': {'allow_custom_values': True, 'members': [{'id': 'AWS', 'value': 'aws', 'brief': 'Amazon Web Services'}, {'id': 'Azure', 'value': 'azure', 'brief': 'Microsoft Azure'}, {'id': 'GCP', 'value': 'gcp', 'brief': 'Google Cloud Platform'}]}, 'brief': 'Name of the cloud provider.\n', 'examples': 'gcp'}, {'id': 'account.id', 'type': 'string', 'brief': 'The cloud account ID used to identify different entities.\n', 'examples': ['opentelemetry']}, {'id': 'region', 'type': 'string', 'brief': 'A specific geographical location where different entities can run.\n', 'examples': ['us-central1']}, {'id': 'zone', 'type': 'string', 'brief': 'Zones are a sub set of the region connected through low-latency links.\n', 'note': 'In AWS, this is called availability-zone.\n', 'examples': ['us-central1-a']}])

现在提取像这样的数据。但是，您可以在一个for循环中获取所有值。

data = myDict['groups'][0]
id = data['id']
brief = data['brief']
attr = data['attributes']
mems = attr[0]['type']['members']

print(f"{id},{brief})    

for member in mems:
    print(f"cloud.provider.member.{member['value']}, {member['brief']}")

输出：

cloud,A cloud infrastructure (e.g. GCP, Azure, AWS)

cloud.provider.member.aws, Amazon Web Services
cloud.provider.member.azure, Microsoft Azure
cloud.provider.member.gcp, Google Cloud Platform