pyenv配置:错误:C编译器无法创建可执行文件

Question

我正在我的笔记本电脑上安装多个版本的Python，运行的是MacOS Big v11.1。我最初通过指令这里安装了xcode命令行工具、自制工具和python。

xcode-select --install

/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install.sh)"

brew install python

但是稍后我会不由自主地将python升级到3.9，我需要返回到3.7.9。因此，我安装了pyenv，并试图按照这里的指令安装python3.7.9

brew install pyenv

pyenv install 3.7.9

但我遇到了以下错误：

/var/folders/8n/ml0qwc091w9bhpszzxy9djl00000gn/T/python-build.20210118111111.56108 /usr/local/Cellar
/var/folders/8n/ml0qwc091w9bhpszzxy9djl00000gn/T/python-build.20210118111111.56108/Python-3.7.9 /var/folders/8n/ml0qwc091w9bhpszzxy9djl00000gn/T/python-build.20210118111111.56108 /usr/local/Cellar
checking build system type... x86_64-apple-darwin20.2.0
checking host system type... x86_64-apple-darwin20.2.0
checking for python3.7... no
checking for python3... python3
checking for --enable-universalsdk... no
checking for --with-universal-archs... no
checking MACHDEP... checking for --without-gcc... no
checking for --with-icc... no
checking for gcc... clang
checking whether the C compiler works... no
configure: error: in `/var/folders/8n/ml0qwc091w9bhpszzxy9djl00000gn/T/python-build.20210118111111.56108/Python-3.7.9':
configure: error: C compiler cannot create executables
See `config.log' for more details
make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found.  Stop.

从网上的其他答案来看，我的gcc可能已经过时了。我检查了我的gcc版本

[/usr/local/Cellar]$ gcc --version
Configured with: --prefix=/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr
    --with-gxx-include-dir=/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include/c++/4.2.1 Apple clang version 11.0.3 (clang-1103.0.32.62) Target: x86_64-apple-darwin20.2.0 Thread model: posix InstalledDir: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin

这似乎表明我在4.2.1版上。我还没有找到一个方法来自己更新它，但是brew install gcc并没有解决这个问题。任何帮助都将不胜感激。

编辑：似乎使用的是clang而不是gcc。也许xcode-select安装了这两个？clang --version返回：

Apple clang version 11.0.3 (clang-1103.0.32.62)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin20.2.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin

Answer 1

这对我有用:我将命令行工具作为root删除并重新安装.

您的命令行工具(CLT)不支持macOS 11。它要么已经过时，要么已经修改过。如果没有更新，请更新命令行工具(CLT)或删除它。

从系统首选项中的软件更新中更新它们或运行：

softwareupdate --all --install --force

如果没有显示任何更新，请运行：

sudo rm -rf /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools
sudo xcode-select --install

或者，从以下地方手动下载：

https://developer.apple.com/download/more/。

Answer 2

似乎Xcode、zlib和编译器选项都有问题。从brew到3.8.0python版本，他们做了一些补丁。

我的配置

$ sw_vers
ProductName:    macOS
ProductVersion: 11.2.3
BuildVersion:   20D91

$ clang --version
Apple clang version 12.0.0 (clang-1200.0.32.29)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin20.3.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin

我安装了3.8.3和3.9.0

# Re-install Xcode
sudo rm -rf /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools
xcode-select --install

# Install zlib and bzip2 using brew
brew reinstall zlib bzip2
 
# Install tcl-tk tkinter
brew install tcl-tk

# Uninstall previous versions from python
pyenv uninstall 3.8.3
pyenv uninstall 3.9.0

# Install python 3.8.3 patched
env \
  PATH="$(brew --prefix tcl-tk)/bin:$PATH" \
  LDFLAGS="-L$(brew --prefix tcl-tk)/lib -L$(brew --prefix zlib)/lib -L$(brew --prefix bzip2)/lib" \
  CPPFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix tcl-tk)/include -L$(brew --prefix zlib)/include -L$(brew --prefix bzip2)/include" \
  PKG_CONFIG_PATH="$(brew --prefix tcl-tk)/lib/pkgconfig" \
  CFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix tcl-tk)/include -I$(brew --prefix openssl)/include -I$(brew --prefix bzip2)/include -I$(brew --prefix zlib)/include -I$(brew --prefix readline)/include -I$(xcrun --show-sdk-path)/usr/include" \
  LDFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix tcl-tk)/lib -L$(brew --prefix openssl)/lib -L$(brew --prefix readline)/lib -L$(brew --prefix zlib)/lib -L$(brew --prefix bzip2)/lib"
  pyenv install --patch 3.8.3 < <(curl -sSL https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/8ea6353.patch\?full_index\=1)
  
env \
  PATH="$(brew --prefix tcl-tk)/bin:$PATH" \
  LDFLAGS="-L$(brew --prefix tcl-tk)/lib -L$(brew --prefix zlib)/lib -L$(brew --prefix bzip2)/lib" \
  CPPFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix tcl-tk)/include -L$(brew --prefix zlib)/include -L$(brew --prefix bzip2)/include" \
  PKG_CONFIG_PATH="$(brew --prefix tcl-tk)/lib/pkgconfig" \
  CFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix tcl-tk)/include -I$(brew --prefix openssl)/include -I$(brew --prefix bzip2)/include -I$(brew --prefix zlib)/include -I$(brew --prefix readline)/include -I$(xcrun --show-sdk-path)/usr/include" \
  LDFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix tcl-tk)/lib -L$(brew --prefix openssl)/lib -L$(brew --prefix readline)/lib -L$(brew --prefix zlib)/lib -L$(brew --prefix bzip2)/lib"
  pyenv install 3.9.0

我的线人想出了解决办法：

• pyenv配置:错误:C编译器无法创建可执行文件
• 无法在macox 11 #1740上安装python 3.8.0
• 无法用Xcode 12 beta #1643在macOS大Sur上构建Python

Answer 3

我用了下面的方法，它起了作用

CC=gcc pyenv安装3.7.10