用于Maven安装的SpringBoot HttpRequestTest NoClassDefFound

Question

当我试图使用SpringBoot创建一个Jar文件时，我会得到以下错误。

[ERROR]   HttpRequestTest.homePageReturnsVersionNumberCorrectly_thenSuccess:27 NoClassDefFound
[ERROR]   ProjectRepositoryIntegrationTest.ifNewProjectSaved_thenSuccess:41 NoClassDefFound
[INFO] 
[ERROR] Tests run: 3, Failures: 0, Errors: 2, Skipped: 0

项目结构：

/project-management
/project-management/src/main/java
com.jrp.pma
/project-management/src/main/java/com/jrp/pma/ProjectManagementApplication.java
com.jrp.pma.controllers
/project-management/src/main/java/com/jrp/pma/controllers/EmployeeController.java
/project-management/src/main/java/com/jrp/pma/controllers/HomeController.java
/project-management/src/main/java/com/jrp/pma/controllers/ProjectController.java
com.jrp.pma.dao
com.jrp.pma.dto
com.jrp.pma.entities
com.jrp.pma.services
com.jrp.pma.springExample
com.jrp.utils
/project-management/src/main/resources
/project-management/src/test/java
com.jrp.pma
com.jrp.pma.controllers
com.jrp.pma.dao
/project-management/src/test/java/com/jrp/pma/dao/ProjectRepositoryIntegrationTest.java
/project-management/src/test/resources
/project-management/src/test/resources/application.properties
/project-management/src/test/resources/data.sql
/project-management/src/test/resources/drop.sql
/project-management/src/test/resources/schema.sql
/project-management/target/generated-sources/annotations
/project-management/target/generated-test-sources/test-annotations
/project-management/src
/project-management/src/main
/project-management/src/test
/project-management/target
/project-management/HELP.md
/project-management/mvnw
/project-management/mvnw.cmd
/project-management/pom.xml

测试：

  package com.jrp.pma.dao;
    import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals; 
    import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    //import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest;
    import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
    //import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.Sql;
    import org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.Sql.ExecutionPhase;
    import org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlGroup;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
    
    
    //import com.jrp.pma.dao.ProjectRepository;
    import com.jrp.pma.entities.Project;
    
    
    
    //@ContextConfiguration(classes=ProjectManagementApplication.class)
    
    //@DataJpaTest
    
    //@SqlGroup({@Sql(executionPhase = ExecutionPhase.BEFORE_TEST_METHOD, scripts= {"classpath:schema.sql", "classpath:data.sql"})})
    
    
    @SpringBootTest
    @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
    @SqlGroup({@Sql(executionPhase = ExecutionPhase.BEFORE_TEST_METHOD, scripts= {"classpath:schema.sql", "classpath:data.sql"}),
        @Sql(executionPhase = ExecutionPhase.AFTER_TEST_METHOD, scripts= "classpath:drop.sql")})
    public class ProjectRepositoryIntegrationTest {
        
        @Autowired
        ProjectRepository proRepo;
        
        @Test
        public void ifNewProjectSaved_thenSuccess() {;
            Project newProject = new Project("New Test Project", "COMPLETE", "Test Description");
            proRepo.save(newProject);
            
            assertEquals(5, proRepo.findAll().size());
    //      assertEquals(1, proRepo.findAll().size());
        }
    }

POM.XML文件

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.1</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.jrp</groupId>
    <artifactId>project-management</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>project-management</name>
    <description>project management application</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>15</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    
    
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web-services</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.projectreactor</groupId>
            <artifactId>reactor-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
            <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

控制台

2021-01-25 05:35:15.946  INFO 20352 --- [           main] c.j.p.d.ProjectRepositoryIntegrationTest : Starting ProjectRepositoryIntegrationTest using Java 15.0.1 on DESKTOP-2M3J99U with PID 20352 (started by alex in C:\Users\alex\Documents\workspace-spring-tool-suite-4-4.9.0.RELEASE\project-management)
2021-01-25 05:35:15.946  INFO 20352 --- [           main] c.j.p.d.ProjectRepositoryIntegrationTest : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2021-01-25 05:35:16.048  INFO 20352 --- [           main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Bootstrapping Spring Data JPA repositories in DEFAULT mode.
2021-01-25 05:35:16.061  INFO 20352 --- [           main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Finished Spring Data repository scanning in 12 ms. Found 2 JPA repository interfaces.
2021-01-25 05:35:16.101  INFO 20352 --- [           main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'org.springframework.ws.config.annotation.DelegatingWsConfiguration' of type [org.springframework.ws.config.annotation.DelegatingWsConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$64b58f15] is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying)
2021-01-25 05:35:16.106  INFO 20352 --- [           main] .w.s.a.s.AnnotationActionEndpointMapping : Supporting [WS-Addressing August 2004, WS-Addressing 1.0]
2021-01-25 05:35:16.141  INFO 20352 --- [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-2 - Starting...
2021-01-25 05:35:16.143  INFO 20352 --- [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-2 - Start completed.
2021-01-25 05:35:16.176  INFO 20352 --- [           main] o.hibernate.jpa.internal.util.LogHelper  : HHH000204: Processing PersistenceUnitInfo [name: default]
2021-01-25 05:35:16.181  INFO 20352 --- [           main] org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect            : HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect
Hibernate: drop table if exists employee CASCADE 
Hibernate: drop table if exists project CASCADE 
Hibernate: drop table if exists project_employee CASCADE 
Hibernate: drop sequence if exists project_seq
Hibernate: create sequence project_seq start with 1 increment by 1
Hibernate: create table employee (employee_id bigint not null, email varchar(255), first_name varchar(255), last_name varchar(255), primary key (employee_id))
Hibernate: create table project (project_id bigint not null, description varchar(255), name varchar(255), stage varchar(255), primary key (project_id))
Hibernate: create table project_employee (project_id bigint not null, employee_id bigint not null)
Hibernate: alter table project_employee add constraint FKn5yqs0xm3rmsg62n84ccyk4k0 foreign key (employee_id) references employee
Hibernate: alter table project_employee add constraint FK1907nkisp2dlsswuycpnakiv8 foreign key (project_id) references project
2021-01-25 05:35:16.213  INFO 20352 --- [           main] o.h.e.t.j.p.i.JtaPlatformInitiator       : HHH000490: Using JtaPlatform implementation: [org.hibernate.engine.transaction.jta.platform.internal.NoJtaPlatform]
2021-01-25 05:35:16.213  INFO 20352 --- [           main] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Initialized JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2021-01-25 05:35:16.342  WARN 20352 --- [           main] JpaBaseConfiguration$JpaWebConfiguration : spring.jpa.open-in-view is enabled by default. Therefore, database queries may be performed during view rendering. Explicitly configure spring.jpa.open-in-view to disable this warning
2021-01-25 05:35:16.382  INFO 20352 --- [           main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor  : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
2021-01-25 05:35:16.394  INFO 20352 --- [           main] o.s.b.a.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration    : H2 console available at '/h2-console'. Database available at 'jdbc:h2:mem:f148eb08-7d43-4f50-9b33-270a6bd3468b'
2021-01-25 05:35:16.571  INFO 20352 --- [           main] c.j.p.d.ProjectRepositoryIntegrationTest : Started ProjectRepositoryIntegrationTest in 0.64 seconds (JVM running for 5.169)
Hibernate: call next value for project_seq
Hibernate: insert into project (description, name, stage, project_id) values (?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: select project0_.project_id as project_1_1_, project0_.description as descript2_1_, project0_.name as name3_1_, project0_.stage as stage4_1_ from project project0_
[ERROR] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.697 s <<< FAILURE! - in com.jrp.pma.dao.ProjectRepositoryIntegrationTest
[ERROR] ifNewProjectSaved_thenSuccess  Time elapsed: 0.058 s  <<< ERROR!
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/junit/Assert
    at com.jrp.pma.dao.ProjectRepositoryIntegrationTest.ifNewProjectSaved_thenSuccess(ProjectRepositoryIntegrationTest.java:41)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.junit.Assert
    at com.jrp.pma.dao.ProjectRepositoryIntegrationTest.ifNewProjectSaved_thenSuccess(ProjectRepositoryIntegrationTest.java:41)

[INFO] Running com.jrp.pma.ProjectManagementApplicationTests
2021-01-25 05:35:16.637  INFO 20352 --- [           main] .b.t.c.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper : Neither @ContextConfiguration nor @ContextHierarchy found for test class [com.jrp.pma.ProjectManagementApplicationTests], using SpringBootContextLoader
2021-01-25 05:35:16.638  INFO 20352 --- [           main] o.s.t.c.support.AbstractContextLoader    : Could not detect default resource locations for test class [com.jrp.pma.ProjectManagementApplicationTests]: no resource found for suffixes {-context.xml, Context.groovy}.
2021-01-25 05:35:16.638  INFO 20352 --- [           main] t.c.s.AnnotationConfigContextLoaderUtils : Could not detect default configuration classes for test class [com.jrp.pma.ProjectManagementApplicationTests]: ProjectManagementApplicationTests does not declare any static, non-private, non-final, nested classes annotated with @Configuration.
2021-01-25 05:35:16.641  INFO 20352 --- [           main] .b.t.c.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper : Found @SpringBootConfiguration com.jrp.pma.ProjectManagementApplication for test class com.jrp.pma.ProjectManagementApplicationTests
2021-01-25 05:35:16.641  INFO 20352 --- [           main] .b.t.c.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper : Loaded default TestExecutionListener class names from location [META-INF/spring.factories]: [org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.ResetMocksTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.restdocs.RestDocsTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.client.MockRestServiceServerResetTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MockMvcPrintOnlyOnFailureTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebDriverTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.webservices.client.MockWebServiceServerTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.event.EventPublishingTestExecutionListener]
2021-01-25 05:35:16.641  INFO 20352 --- [           main] .b.t.c.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper : Using TestExecutionListeners: [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener@35e0d91e, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener@3204146d, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener@3299e315, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@7320bccc, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener@403ba39f, org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener@520e6089, org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener@2ff2a096, org.springframework.test.context.event.EventPublishingTestExecutionListener@59c2bf78, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.ResetMocksTestExecutionListener@44f8d884, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.restdocs.RestDocsTestExecutionListener@65d3e2ba, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.client.MockRestServiceServerResetTestExecutionListener@5f9f1886, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MockMvcPrintOnlyOnFailureTestExecutionListener@136a5572, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebDriverTestExecutionListener@11548363, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.webservices.client.MockWebServiceServerTestExecutionListener@6be865c1]
[INFO] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.003 s - in com.jrp.pma.ProjectManagementApplicationTests
2021-01-25 05:35:16.666  INFO 20352 --- [extShutdownHook] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor  : Shutting down ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
2021-01-25 05:35:16.667  INFO 20352 --- [extShutdownHook] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Closing JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2021-01-25 05:35:16.668  INFO 20352 --- [extShutdownHook] .SchemaDropperImpl$DelayedDropActionImpl : HHH000477: Starting delayed evictData of schema as part of SessionFactory shut-down'
2021-01-25 05:35:16.668  INFO 20352 --- [extShutdownHook] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor  : Shutting down ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
Hibernate: drop table if exists employee CASCADE 
Hibernate: drop table if exists project CASCADE 
Hibernate: drop table if exists project_employee CASCADE 
2021-01-25 05:35:16.668  INFO 20352 --- [extShutdownHook] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Closing JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
Hibernate: drop sequence if exists project_seq
2021-01-25 05:35:16.668  INFO 20352 --- [extShutdownHook] .SchemaDropperImpl$DelayedDropActionImpl : HHH000477: Starting delayed evictData of schema as part of SessionFactory shut-down'
Hibernate: drop table if exists employee CASCADE 
Hibernate: drop table if exists project CASCADE 
Hibernate: drop table if exists project_employee CASCADE 
Hibernate: drop sequence if exists project_seq
2021-01-25 05:35:16.670  INFO 20352 --- [extShutdownHook] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-2 - Shutdown initiated...
2021-01-25 05:35:16.670  INFO 20352 --- [extShutdownHook] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Shutdown initiated...
2021-01-25 05:35:16.672  INFO 20352 --- [extShutdownHook] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Shutdown completed.
2021-01-25 05:35:16.672  INFO 20352 --- [extShutdownHook] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-2 - Shutdown completed.
[INFO] 
[INFO] Results:
[INFO] 
[ERROR] Errors: 
[ERROR]   HttpRequestTest.homePageReturnsVersionNumberCorrectly_thenSuccess:27 NoClassDefFound
[ERROR]   ProjectRepositoryIntegrationTest.ifNewProjectSaved_thenSuccess:41 NoClassDefFound
[INFO] 
[ERROR] Tests run: 3, Failures: 0, Errors: 2, Skipped: 0
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  6.994 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2021-01-25T05:35:17-05:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[WARNING] The requested profile "pom.xml" could not be activated because it does not exist.
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.22.2:test (default-test) on project project-management: There are test failures.
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] Please refer to C:\Users\alex\Documents\workspace-spring-tool-suite-4-4.9.0.RELEASE\project-management\target\surefire-reports for the individual test results.
[ERROR] Please refer to dump files (if any exist) [date].dump, [date]-jvmRun[N].dump and [date].dumpstream.
[ERROR] -> [Help 1]
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.
[ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:

Answer 1

您需要将JUnit作为依赖项。

<dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>4.11</version> <!-- Or whatever JUnit you're using. -->
</dependency>