使用dpkg时，重新安装Python；系统无法找到‘独立的库<前缀>’？

Question

我正在使用Linux (Xubuntu)，并且只知道基本的命令--我是Linux新手。

TLTR:如何重新安装Python，希望所有的包依赖关系都将得到修复？我试过这样做：

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade && sudo apt-get autoremove

我在<prefix>上出错了

Preparing to unpack .../python-pil_5.1.0-1ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb ...
Could not find platform independent libraries <prefix>
Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix>
Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>]
ImportError: No module named site

dpkg: warning: old python-pil:amd64 package pre-removal script subprocess returned error exit status 1

dpkg: trying script from the new package instead ...
Could not find platform independent libraries <prefix>
Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix>
Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>]
ImportError: No module named site

dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/python-pil_5.1.0-1ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 new python-pil:amd64 package pre-removal script subprocess returned error exit status 1
Could not find platform independent libraries <prefix>
Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix>
Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>]
ImportError: No module named site
dpkg: error while cleaning up:
 installed python-pil:amd64 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
Preparing to unpack .../libaudit1_1%3a2.8.2-1ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libaudit1:amd64 (1:2.8.2-1ubuntu1.1) over (1:2.8.2-1ubuntu1) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 /var/cache/apt/archives/python-pil_5.1.0-1ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

所以我又谷歌了一遍。应用这里的答案：我把export PYTHONHOME=/usr/local写进了终端机，什么也没发生。我不知道图书馆的去向。它们不位于python3.6文件夹所在的usr/local/lib中。

我还简单地尝试了：

dpkg --configure -a和我

dpkg: error processing package python-numpy (--configure):
 package is in a very bad inconsistent state; you should
 reinstall it before attempting configuration
dpkg: error processing package python-pil:amd64 (--configure):
 package is in a very bad inconsistent state; you should
 reinstall it before attempting configuration
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-scipy:
 python-scipy depends on python-numpy (>= 1:1.13.1); however:
  Package python-numpy is not configured yet.
 python-scipy depends on python-numpy-abi9; however:
  Package python-numpy-abi9 is not installed.
  Package python-numpy which provides python-numpy-abi9 is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python-scipy (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-matplotlib:
 python-matplotlib depends on python-numpy (>= 1:1.13.1); however:
  Package python-numpy is not configured yet.
 python-matplotlib depends on python-numpy-abi9; however:
  Package python-numpy-abi9 is not installed.
  Package python-numpy which provides python-numpy-abi9 is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python-matplotlib (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
 python-numpy
 python-pil:amd64
 python-scipy
 python-matplotlib

，你能告诉我下一步该尝试什么吗?/如何修复这些错误？，我认为重新开始也许是个好主意。然而，我甚至不能重新开始。我被困住了，现在我知道该怎么做了。如有任何建议，我将不胜感激。

我的最终目标是优化BLAS，这样我就可以解决稀疏特征值问题。在我尝试这样做的时候，我遇到了几个错误(也是<prefix>错误)，所以重新安装Python似乎是个好主意。

Answer 1

由于错误太多，我重新安装了整个Linux。与我试图解决这个问题的时间相比，重新安装只花了我一小部分时间。