对于一个带有加速度计的项目,我正在寻找一种过滤一些高频的方法。我不是一个信号专家,但我读到,通常为我的需要,巴特沃斯滤波器是使用。
为此,我使用Scilab,并且我正在与对我的结果的解释进行斗争:我编写了以下代码(底部)并比较了Scilab输出函数,以便在Arduino中实现这个滤波方程:
我的问题是:
系数: Num / Den: 1.
其中,我期望一个结果为标准形,其期望值为
b1 0.331785003;b2 0.99535501;b3 0.99535501;b4 0.331785003 a1 -0.965826145;a2 -0.582614466;a3 -0.106171201
从外部软件(https://www.meme.net.au/butterworth.html)计算N=3,低通,Fc=5,Fs=15。
你能看我的代码,并给我一些建议来纠正它,并有正确的系数ai和bi?
/////////////////// cleanup
clear;
//clc;
close;
////////////////////// variable declaration
fcut = 5; //cut off frequency hz (delta 1)
fsampl = 15 ; //sampling frequency hz (delta 2)
delta1_in_dB = -3; // attenuation value at fcut
delta2_in_dB = -21; // final attenuation
delta1 = 10^(delta1_in_dB/20)
delta2 = 10^(delta2_in_dB/20)
epsilon = 0; //ripple value [0 1]
rp = [epsilon epsilon] // ripple vector for analpf
// conversion of attenuation
delta1 = 10^(delta1_in_dB/20);
delta2 = 10^(delta2_in_dB/20);
// N computation
N = log10((1/(delta2^2))-1)/(2*log10(fspan/fcut));
N = ceil(N);
disp("Order",N);
/////////////////// compute different functions to compaire Butterworth
[poleZP,gainZP]=zpbutt(N,fcut*2*%pi);
[hsAna,poleAna,zeroAna,gainAna]=analpf(N,'butt',rp,fcut*2*%pi);
//disp("Pole : Zpbutt ",poleZP , "Analpf ",poleAna)
//disp("Gain : Zpbutt ",gainZP , "Analpf ",gainAna)
//disp("function :",hsAna)
// conclusion : zpbutt et analpf donnent la même sortie
/////////////////// paramters in linear system
// Generate the equivalent linear system of the filter
num = gainAna * real(poly(zeroAna,'s'));
den = real(poly(poleAna,'s'));
elatf = syslin('c',num,den);
Cnum=coeff(num);
Cden=coeff(den)/Cnum;
Cnum=1;
disp('coefficients : Num / Den : ',Cnum,Cden)
/////////////////// plot an exemple to compare csim and filter
rand('normal');
Input = rand(1,1000); // Produce a random gaussian noise
t = 1:1000;
t = t*0.01; // Convert sample index into time steps
y_csim = csim(Input,t,elatf); // Filter the signal with csim
y_res = filter(Cnum, Cden, Input) // Filter the signal with filter
// plot curves
subplot(3,1,1);
plot(t,Input);
xtitle('The gaussian noise','t','y');
subplot(3,1,2);
plot(t,y_csim,'b');
xtitle('The ''csim'' filtered gaussian noise','t','y');
subplot(3,1,3);
plot(t,y_res,'r');
xtitle('The ''filter'' filtered gaussian noise','t','y');谢谢您的支持!
发布于 2021-03-07 21:42:02
在将该网站的输出转换为规范形式时,您似乎错过了一个符号反转。
该网站的产出如下:
3.014⋅yi = (1⋅xi + 3⋅xi-1 + 3⋅xi-2 + 1⋅xi-3) + -2.911⋅yi-1 + -1.756⋅yi-2 + -0.320⋅yi-3当我把它转换成规范形式时,我得到:
yi (0.331785 + 0.995355*z^-1 + 0.995355*z^-2 + 0.331785*z^-3)
-- = -----------------------------------------------------------
xi (1 + 0.96582*z^-1 + 0.582614*z^-2 + 0.10617*z^-3)这意味着:
[b0..b3] = [0.331785 0.99535501 0.99535501 0.331785 ]
[1 a1..a3] = [1. 0.96582614 0.58261447 0.1061712 ]在scilab中获得相同答案的一个简单方法是使用它们的iir滤波器设计函数,它可以一步完成模拟设计和双线性变换,如下所示:
--> hz=iir(N,'lp','butt',5./15.,[0 0])
hz =
0.3318051 +0.9954154z +0.9954154z² +0.3318051z³
-----------------------------------------------
0.1060171 +0.5826442z +0.9657797z² +z³ 你可以说系数是向后看的,但是一定要注意到z的幂的符号;整个方程被乘以z/z,相对于你想要的标准形式。处理这个问题的简单方法就是获取系数和把它们从左向右翻转。
--> coeff(hz.num)(:,$:-1:1)
ans =
0.3318051 0.9954154 0.9954154 0.3318051
--> coeff(hz.den)(:,$:-1:1)
ans =
1. 0.9657797 0.5826442 0.1060171发布于 2021-03-10 08:51:51
下面是我的更新代码,其中包含来自@Mark的建议解决方案(再次感谢!)我仍然有一些问号,主要是面向Scilab的,如果有人能教我(但这不是我的项目的阻塞点)。
flts和filter函数有什么区别?我的输出结果与那些函数不同。
代码:
////////////////////// cleanup
clear;
//clc; clear console
close;
////////////////////// variable declaration
fcut = 10000; //cut off frequency hz (delta 1)
fsampl = 100000 ; //sampling frequency hz (delta 2)
delta1_in_dB = -3; // attenuation value at fcut
delta2_in_dB = -21; // final attenuation
// conversion of attenuation
delta1 = 10^(delta1_in_dB/20);
delta2 = 10^(delta2_in_dB/20);
// order N computation
N = log10((1/(delta2^2))-1)/(2*log10(fsampl/fcut));
N = ceil(N);
disp("Order",N);
///////////////////// computer Butterworth transfer function
hz=iir(N,'lp','butt',fcut/fsampl,[ ]);
///////////////////////////// extract coefficient from transfer function
num = coeff(hz(2));
den = -1*coeff(hz(3));
gain = 1/num(1)
// display value and graph
disp('gain',gain)
disp('''b'' coefficients : num xi',num)
disp('''a'' coefficients : den yi',den(N:-1:1))
[hzm,fr]=frmag(hz,256);
f = scf(0)
plot(fr,hzm)
/////////////////// plot an exemple
rand('normal');
Input = rand(1,1000); // Produce a random gaussian noise
t = 1:1000;
t = t*0.01; // Convert sample index into time steps
//Change from transfer function to linear system
sl= tf2ss(hz)
//Filter the signal
fs=flts(Input,sl);
// plot curves of raw and filtered data
f = scf(1)
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(t,Input,'b');
xtitle('The gaussian noise','t','y');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(t,fs,'r');
xtitle('The filtered gaussian noise','t','y');
///////////////////// export on CSV
filename = fullfile(TMPDIR, "data_test_filter.csv");
separator = ";"
M = [t' Input' fs']; //data matrix
csvWrite(M, filename, separator);
filename = fullfile(TMPDIR, "coeff.csv");
C = [gain num den(N:-1:1)] ;//coeff matrix
csvWrite(C, filename, separator);
disp("DONE !");https://stackoverflow.com/questions/66454365
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