错误: clang-10:错误:链接器命令失败，退出代码1而今用Python在Anaconda环境上安装R，R失败

Question

直到几天前，我还在Conda上完成了R的启动和运行，当时我在处理包时，不得不删除环境。现在，我正在尝试重新创造我的环境，一切都不再只是起作用了。

要知道的事情：

OS: MacOS BigSur

Conda环境包含:Python3.8和R3.6.1

> version
               _                           
platform       x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0   
arch           x86_64                      
os             darwin13.4.0                
system         x86_64, darwin13.4.0        
status                                     
major          3                           
minor          6.1                         
year           2019                        
month          07                          
day            05                          
svn rev        76782                       
language       R                           
version.string R version 3.6.1 (2019-07-05)
nickname       Action of the Toes   

which R命令显示路径为thegeorgejoseph/anaconda/envs/protonaml/bin/R

.libPaths()显示它是thegeorgejoseph/anaconda/envs/protonaml/lib/R/library

他们为什么不一样？这可能是问题的原因吗？

当我尝试安装other时，它运行了几次失败，说tibble、rlang和其他几个软件包无法安装。当我在R上运行install.packages(rlang)命令时，会得到以下跟踪。任何帮助都是值得感谢的，有什么可能出错呢？

 install.packages('rlang')
trying URL 'https://cloud.r-project.org/src/contrib/rlang_0.4.10.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 915685 bytes (894 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 894 KB

* installing *source* package ‘rlang’ ...
** package ‘rlang’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** using staged installation
** libs
x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0-clang -I"/Users/thegeorgejoseph/opt/anaconda3/envs/protonaml/lib/R/include" -DNDEBUG -I./lib/  -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -mmacosx-version-min=10.9  -I/Users/thegeorgejoseph/opt/anaconda3/envs/protonaml/include  -fPIC  -march=core2 -mtune=haswell -mssse3 -ftree-vectorize -fPIC -fPIE -fstack-protector-strong -O2 -pipe -I/Users/thegeorgejoseph/opt/anaconda3/envs/protonaml/include -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/concourse/worker/volumes/live/59b7f007-fada-42cf-7435-5bbd0518eaa4/volume/r-base_1570124919999/work=/usr/local/src/conda/r-base-3.6.1 -fdebug-prefix-map=/Users/thegeorgejoseph/opt/anaconda3/envs/protonaml=/usr/local/src/conda-prefix  -c capture.c -o capture.o
x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0-clang -I"/Users/thegeorgejoseph/opt/anaconda3/envs/protonaml/lib/R/include" -DNDEBUG -I./lib/  -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -mmacosx-version-min=10.9  -I/Users/thegeorgejoseph/opt/anaconda3/envs/protonaml/include  -fPIC  -march=core2 -mtune=haswell -mssse3 -ftree-vectorize -fPIC -fPIE -fstack-protector-strong -O2 -pipe -I/Users/thegeorgejoseph/opt/anaconda3/envs/protonaml/include -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/concourse/worker/volumes/live/59b7f007-fada-42cf-7435-5bbd0518eaa4/volume/r-base_1570124919999/work=/usr/local/src/conda/r-base-3.6.1 -fdebug-prefix-map=/Users/thegeorgejoseph/opt/anaconda3/envs/protonaml=/usr/local/src/conda-prefix  -c export.c -o export.o
x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0-clang -I"/Users/thegeorgejoseph/opt/anaconda3/envs/protonaml/lib/R/include" -DNDEBUG -I./lib/  -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -mmacosx-version-min=10.9  -I/Users/thegeorgejoseph/opt/anaconda3/envs/protonaml/include  -fPIC  -march=core2 -mtune=haswell -mssse3 -ftree-vectorize -fPIC -fPIE -fstack-protector-strong -O2 -pipe -I/Users/thegeorgejoseph/opt/anaconda3/envs/protonaml/include -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/concourse/worker/volumes/live/59b7f007-fada-42cf-7435-5bbd0518eaa4/volume/r-base_1570124919999/work=/usr/local/src/conda/r-base-3.6.1 -fdebug-prefix-map=/Users/thegeorgejoseph/opt/anaconda3/envs/protonaml=/usr/local/src/conda-prefix  -c internal.c -o internal.o
x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0-clang -I"/Users/thegeorgejoseph/opt/anaconda3/envs/protonaml/lib/R/include" -DNDEBUG -I./lib/  -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -mmacosx-version-min=10.9  -I/Users/thegeorgejoseph/opt/anaconda3/envs/protonaml/include  -fPIC  -march=core2 -mtune=haswell -mssse3 -ftree-vectorize -fPIC -fPIE -fstack-protector-strong -O2 -pipe -I/Users/thegeorgejoseph/opt/anaconda3/envs/protonaml/include -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/concourse/worker/volumes/live/59b7f007-fada-42cf-7435-5bbd0518eaa4/volume/r-base_1570124919999/work=/usr/local/src/conda/r-base-3.6.1 -fdebug-prefix-map=/Users/thegeorgejoseph/opt/anaconda3/envs/protonaml=/usr/local/src/conda-prefix  -c lib.c -o lib.o
x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0-clang -I"/Users/thegeorgejoseph/opt/anaconda3/envs/protonaml/lib/R/include" -DNDEBUG -I./lib/  -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -mmacosx-version-min=10.9  -I/Users/thegeorgejoseph/opt/anaconda3/envs/protonaml/include  -fPIC  -march=core2 -mtune=haswell -mssse3 -ftree-vectorize -fPIC -fPIE -fstack-protector-strong -O2 -pipe -I/Users/thegeorgejoseph/opt/anaconda3/envs/protonaml/include -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/concourse/worker/volumes/live/59b7f007-fada-42cf-7435-5bbd0518eaa4/volume/r-base_1570124919999/work=/usr/local/src/conda/r-base-3.6.1 -fdebug-prefix-map=/Users/thegeorgejoseph/opt/anaconda3/envs/protonaml=/usr/local/src/conda-prefix  -c version.c -o version.o
x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0-clang -dynamiclib -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names -undefined dynamic_lookup -single_module -multiply_defined suppress -L/Users/thegeorgejoseph/opt/anaconda3/envs/protonaml/lib/R/lib -Wl,-dead_strip_dylibs -Wl,-pie -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names -Wl,-dead_strip_dylibs -Wl,-rpath,/Users/thegeorgejoseph/opt/anaconda3/envs/protonaml/lib -L/Users/thegeorgejoseph/opt/anaconda3/envs/protonaml/lib -o rlang.dylib capture.o export.o internal.o lib.o version.o -L/Users/thegeorgejoseph/opt/anaconda3/envs/protonaml/lib/R/lib -lR -Wl,-framework -Wl,CoreFoundation
ld: warning: -pie being ignored. It is only used when linking a main executable
ld: unsupported tapi file type '!tapi-tbd' in YAML file '/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks//CoreFoundation.framework/CoreFoundation.tbd' for architecture x86_64
clang-10: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make: *** [/Users/thegeorgejoseph/opt/anaconda3/envs/protonaml/lib/R/share/make/shlib.mk:6: rlang.dylib] Error 1
ERROR: compilation failed for package ‘rlang’
* removing ‘/Users/thegeorgejoseph/opt/anaconda3/envs/protonaml/lib/R/library/rlang’

PS:我也尝试将Rstudio安装到环境中，但是使用install.packages()命令得到了同样的错误。但是，在创建一个新环境并使用Anaconda安装我需要的每个包时，安装是成功的，不会引发任何错误，但我仍然无法使用library(rattle)加载脚本中的库。

Answer 1

which R和.libPaths()没有问题--这正是它们应该做的，前者指向二进制文件，后者指向安装R包的位置。

至于错误，人们应该更喜欢使用conda install而不是R的install.packages来管理包，而不是在Conda环境中使用R。否则，动态库链接可能会出现问题。在这种情况下，尝试

conda install -n protonaml -c conda-forge r-rattle

对于非编译的R包来说，这不是什么问题，类似于在Conda环境中使用pip对于纯Python来说通常是很好的。不过，为了避免这些问题，我通常建议坚持使用conda install。注意，conda-forge通道有许多CRAN包。