@Resource注解在没有spring-framework的情况下可以正常使用吗？

Question

我最近知道了@Resource注解和@Autowired注解之间的区别，但在spring-framework发明之前，我不知道@Resource注解将用于什么场景。

我已经在google和stackoverflow上搜索过任何提示，但没有得到任何合理的解释。然后，我尝试创建一个Java Web项目(使用J2EE1.4、jdk1.7、tomcat7)，并使用@Resource注释创建一个servlet来模拟Spring的自动布线行为，但是我们遇到了一个错误。

下面是我使用的代码：

public class TestServlet extends HttpServlet {


    public void init() throws ServletException {
        Student student=new Student("1");
    }
    public void service(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

        System.out.println("111111111111");
    }

}

public class TestServlet2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Resource
    Student student;
    public void service(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println(student);
    }

}

首先，我访问TestServlet以创建学生java bean，然后访问TestServlet2以将学生对象注入到学生属性中。但我遇到如下错误：

javax.naming.NamingException: Cannot create resource instance
    at org.apache.naming.factory.ResourceEnvFactory.getObjectInstance(ResourceEnvFactory.java:115)
    at javax.naming.spi.NamingManager.getObjectInstance(NamingManager.java:321)
    at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:848)
    at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:159)
    at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:836)
    at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:173)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.lookupFieldResource(DefaultInstanceManager.java:538)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.processAnnotations(DefaultInstanceManager.java:440)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.newInstance(DefaultInstanceManager.java:133)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.newInstance(DefaultInstanceManager.java:114)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1133)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.allocate(StandardWrapper.java:853)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:135)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:110)
    at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:506)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:169)
    at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:103)
    at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:962)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116)
    at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:445)
    at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1115)
    at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:637)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(AprEndpoint.java:2549)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(AprEndpoint.java:2538)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

Answer 1

我的解决方案是:我在WebRoot/ perfectly.This -INF中创建了一个文件Context.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Context>
<Resource name="student" auth="Container"
     type="com.test.Student" factory="org.apache.naming.factory.BeanFactory" id="5">
</Resource>
</Context>

public class TestServlet2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Resource(name="student")
    Student student;
    public void service(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println(student.getId());
    }

}