如何访问python列表中的值？

Question

我正在尝试使用以下代码获得特定单词的定义：

import requests

url = requests.get("https://api.dictionaryapi.dev/api/v2/entries/en_US/fish")

a = url.text()

print(a)

上面代码段中的链接返回如下一些值：

[{"word":"fish","phonetics":[{"text":"/fɪʃ/","audio":"https://lex-audio.useremarkable.com/mp3/fish_us_1.mp3"}],"meanings":[{"partOfSpeech":"noun","definitions":[{"definition":"A limbless cold-blooded vertebrate animal with gills and fins and living wholly in water.","example":"the sea is thick with fish"}]},{"partOfSpeech":"intransitive verb","definitions":[{"definition":"Catch or try to catch fish, typically by using a net or hook and line.","synonyms":["go fishing","angle","cast","trawl"],"example":"he was fishing for bluefish"}]}]},{"word":"fish","phonetics":[{"text":"/fɪʃ/","audio":"https://lex-audio.useremarkable.com/mp3/fish_us_1.mp3"}],"meanings":[{"partOfSpeech":"transitive verb","definitions":[{"definition":"Mend or strengthen (a beam, joint, mast, etc.) with a fish."}]},{"partOfSpeech":"noun","definitions":[{"definition":"A flat plate of metal, wood, or another material that is fixed on a beam or across a joint in order to give additional strength, especially on a ship's damaged mast or spar as a temporary repair."}]}]}]

现在，我想从上面的结果中得到第一个定义。我怎么弄到它？

Answer 1

复杂的JSON文档和对此类文档的查询与操作XML文档类似；您可以使用一组自定义的列表理解和实用函数，但应该使用专门的工具。

要在Python中操作JSON文档，可以查看ng

• 要提取的项是使用JSONPath表达式定义的，该表达式相当于XML的XPath
• 您只需添加/更新JSONPath表达式，以提取更多/新项

在下一个示例中，在JSON文档中逐个运行在QUERIES中定义的QUERIES表达式：

import requests
import jsonpath_ng
import json


URL = 'https://api.dictionaryapi.dev/api/v2/entries/en_US/fish'
QUERIES = {
    'First kind, first meaning, first definition': jsonpath_ng.parse('[0].meanings[0].definitions[0].definition'),
    'All kind, first definitions': jsonpath_ng.parse('[*].meanings[0].definitions[0].definition'),
    'All definitions': jsonpath_ng.parse('[*].meanings[*].definitions[*].definition')
}


if __name__ == '__main__':
    jsdata = requests.get(URL).json()
    for name, query in QUERIES.items():
        print(f'--- {name} ---')
        for match in query.find(jsdata):
            print(json.dumps(match.value, indent=2))
        print()

Answer 2

尝尝这个。

s = [...]
for i in s:
    print(i['word'],[ k['definition'] for j in i['meanings'] for k in j['definitions']])