conda安装: UnsatisfiableError:？

Question

我在macOS BigSur (11.2.3)上安装了conda (conda 4.10.1)。我正在尝试安装一些生物信息学工具，但我总是遇到同样的错误：

UnsatisfiableError:发现以下规范彼此不兼容:格式输出:请求的包->可用版本

但是没有错误的包！有人知道该怎么做吗？这个错误是完全没有信息的，我不知道不兼容的错误！

在本例中，此错误来自一个基于python的包：

conda install -c bioconda liftoff -vv

编辑:以-vv模式输出：

Found conflicts! Looking for incompatible packages.
This can take several minutes.  Press CTRL-C to abort.
DEBUG conda.resolve:get_reduced_index(574): Retrieving packages for: 
  - @/osx-64::__unix==0=0
DEBUG conda.resolve:get_reduced_index(574): Retrieving packages for: 
  - @/osx-64::__osx==10.16=0
DEBUG conda.resolve:get_reduced_index(574): Retrieving packages for: 
  - python=3.7
DEBUG conda.resolve:filter_group(635): python: pruned from 98 -> 14
DEBUG conda.resolve:filter_group(635): libffi: pruned from 9 -> 8
DEBUG conda.resolve:filter_group(635): ncurses: pruned from 6 -> 4
DEBUG conda.resolve:filter_group(635): openssl: pruned from 31 -> 26
DEBUG conda.resolve:filter_group(635): pip: pruned from 96 -> 24
DEBUG conda.resolve:filter_group(635): setuptools: pruned from 168 -> 46
DEBUG conda.resolve:filter_group(635): certifi: pruned from 76 -> 22
DEBUG conda.resolve:filter_group(635): wheel: pruned from 50 -> 16
DEBUG conda.resolve:filter_group(635): readline: pruned from 6 -> 5
DEBUG conda.resolve:filter_group(635): sqlite: pruned from 25 -> 19
DEBUG conda.resolve:filter_group(635): xz: pruned from 5 -> 2
DEBUG conda.resolve:get_reduced_index(574): Retrieving packages for: 
  - @/osx-64::__archspec==1=x86_64
failed                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/francisco/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/cli/install.py", line 265, in install
    should_retry_solve=(_should_retry_unfrozen or repodata_fn != repodata_fns[-1]),
  File "/Users/francisco/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/core/solve.py", line 117, in solve_for_transaction
    should_retry_solve)
  File "/Users/francisco/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/core/solve.py", line 158, in solve_for_diff
    force_remove, should_retry_solve)
  File "/Users/francisco/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/core/solve.py", line 281, in solve_final_state
    ssc = self._run_sat(ssc)
  File "/Users/francisco/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/common/io.py", line 88, in decorated
    return f(*args, **kwds)
  File "/Users/francisco/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/core/solve.py", line 818, in _run_sat
    should_retry_solve=ssc.should_retry_solve
  File "/Users/francisco/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/common/io.py", line 88, in decorated
    return f(*args, **kwds)
  File "/Users/francisco/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/resolve.py", line 1320, in solve
    raise UnsatisfiableError({})
conda.exceptions.UnsatisfiableError: 
Did not find conflicting dependencies. If you would like to know which
packages conflict ensure that you have enabled unsatisfiable hints.

conda config --set unsatisfiable_hints True
            

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/francisco/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/exceptions.py", line 1079, in __call__
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/francisco/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/cli/main.py", line 84, in _main
    exit_code = do_call(args, p)
  File "/Users/francisco/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/cli/conda_argparse.py", line 83, in do_call
    return getattr(module, func_name)(args, parser)
  File "/Users/francisco/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/cli/main_install.py", line 20, in execute
    install(args, parser, 'install')
  File "/Users/francisco/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/cli/install.py", line 308, in install
    raise e
  File "/Users/francisco/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/cli/install.py", line 299, in install
    should_retry_solve=(repodata_fn != repodata_fns[-1]),
  File "/Users/francisco/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/core/solve.py", line 117, in solve_for_transaction
    should_retry_solve)
  File "/Users/francisco/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/core/solve.py", line 158, in solve_for_diff
    force_remove, should_retry_solve)
  File "/Users/francisco/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/core/solve.py", line 275, in solve_final_state
    ssc = self._add_specs(ssc)
  File "/Users/francisco/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/core/solve.py", line 704, in _add_specs
    ssc.r.find_conflicts(spec_set)
  File "/Users/francisco/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/resolve.py", line 352, in find_conflicts
    raise UnsatisfiableError(bad_deps, strict=strict_channel_priority)
conda.exceptions.UnsatisfiableError: The following specifications were found to be incompatible with each other:

Output in format: Requested package -> Available versions

Answer 1

我在试图安装生物信息工具ppanggolin时也犯了同样的错误。问题似乎是，对于您试图安装的工具来说，conda环境中的python版本太晚了。我通过创建一个新的conda环境并使用早期版本的python来解决这个问题：

conda create -n ppanggolin01 python=3.8
conda activate ppangolin01
conda clean --packages --tarballs
conda install -c bioconda ppanggolin

我增加了一个包清理步骤，好的措施。希望这也适用于你的工具。

或者，当程序包冲突发生时，使用Mamba安装似乎解决了这个问题，前面已经描述过：How to interpret conda package conflicts?。