尝试将rails版本从4.2.11提高到5.0

Question

我的项目的当前状态是使用rails 4.2.11和ruby2.3.0。我希望开始使用rails 5.0并保留ruby版本，因为据我所知，rails 5.0与ruby >2.2.2兼容。但是，在执行bundle install命令之后，引发了一些我不理解的错误。例如：

Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "rails":
  In Gemfile:
    rails (= 5.0)

    dropzonejs-rails was resolved to 0.8.5, which depends on
      rails (> 3.1)

我觉得这种行为有点奇怪，因为rails版本超过3.1，所以在我看来，这个错误不应该存在。还有一个例子：

Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "spring":
  In Gemfile:
    spring

    spring-commands-rspec was resolved to 1.0.4, which depends on
      spring (>= 0.9.1)

该项目的春季版本为2.0.2。

请你解释一下这个错误是什么意思好吗？

更新

以下是我收到的错误的完整列表：

Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "actionpack":
  In Gemfile:
    omniauth-rails_csrf_protection (~> 0.1) was resolved to 0.1.2, which depends on
      actionpack (>= 4.2)

    rails (= 5.0) was resolved to 5.0.0, which depends on
      actionpack (= 5.0.0)
   
    rspec-rails (~> 3.8) was resolved to 3.9.1, which depends on
      actionpack (>= 3.0)
    
Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "activerecord":
  In Gemfile:
    json_on_rails (~> 0.2.0) was resolved to 0.2.0, which depends on
      activerecord (~> 4.0)
    
    rails (= 5.0) was resolved to 5.0.0, which depends on
      activerecord (= 5.0.0)
    
Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "byebug":
  In Gemfile:
    byebug
    
    pry-byebug was resolved to 3.7.0, which depends on
      byebug (~> 11.0)
    
Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "mysql2":
  In Gemfile:
    mysql2 (~> 0.4.10)
    
    json_on_rails (~> 0.2.0) was resolved to 0.2.0, which depends on
      mysql2 (~> 0.3)
    
Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "prawn":
  In Gemfile:
    prawn
    
    prawn-table was resolved to 0.2.2, which depends on
      prawn (< 3.0.0, >= 1.3.0)
    
Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "pry":
  In Gemfile:
    pry (~> 0.10.3)
    
    pry-byebug was resolved to 3.7.0, which depends on
      pry (~> 0.10)
   
    pry-doc was resolved to 0.12.0, which depends on
      pry (~> 0.9)
    
    pry-stack_explorer was resolved to 0.4.9.3, which depends on
      pry (>= 0.9.11)
    
Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "rails":
  In Gemfile:
    rails (= 5.0)
    
    dropzonejs-rails was resolved to 0.8.5, which depends on
      rails (> 3.1)
    
Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "ruby":
  In Gemfile:
    ruby
    
    active_model_serializers (~> 0.9.4) was resolved to 0.9.8, which depends on
      ruby (>= 1.9.3)
    
    apnotic was resolved to 1.6.1, which depends on
      ruby (>= 2.1.0)
    
    audited (~> 4.9) was resolved to 4.10.0, which depends on
      ruby (>= 2.3.0)
    
    chartkick was resolved to 4.0.5, which depends on
      ruby (>= 2.6)
    
    faker was resolved to 2.12.0, which depends on
      ruby (>= 2.3)
  
    jwt was resolved to 2.2.3, which depends on
      ruby (>= 2.1)
    
    newrelic_rpm was resolved to 7.2.0, which depends on
      ruby (>= 2.0.0)
    
    puma was resolved to 5.4.0, which depends on
      ruby (>= 2.2)
    
    rails (= 5.0) was resolved to 5.0.0, which depends on
      ruby (>= 2.2.2)
    
    signalwire was resolved to 2.3.4, which depends on
      ruby (>= 2.0)
    
    thin was resolved to 1.8.1, which depends on
      ruby (>= 1.8.5)
    
    tzinfo-data was resolved to 1.2021.1, which depends on
      ruby (>= 1.8.7)
    
Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "spring":
  In Gemfile:
    spring
    
    spring-commands-rspec was resolved to 1.0.4, which depends on
      spring (>= 0.9.1)`

这是Gemfile的内容：

# frozen_string_literal: true

source 'http://rubygems.org'

# Bundle edge Rails instead: gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails'
gem 'rails', '5.0'

# db connectivity
gem 'mysql2', '~> 0.4.10'
gem "json_on_rails", "~> 0.2.0"

# web server
gem 'puma'

# for the JSON API
gem 'active_model_serializers', '~> 0.9.4'

# Audited is an ORM extension that logs all changes to your models.
gem "audited", "~> 4.9"

# bundle exec rake doc:rails generates the API under doc/api.
gem 'sdoc', '~> 0.4.0', group: :doc

# Use ActiveModel has_secure_password
gem 'bcrypt', '~> 3.1.7'

# HAML templating engine
gem 'haml'

# Use SCSS for stylesheets
gem 'sass-rails'

# Use Uglifier as compressor for JavaScript assets
gem 'therubyracer', platform: :ruby
gem 'uglifier', '>= 4.0.0'

# Use jquery as the JavaScript library
gem 'jquery-rails'

# Turbolinks makes following links in your web application faster. Read more: https://github.com/rails/turbolinks
gem 'turbolinks'

# Use CoffeeScript for .coffee assets and views
gem 'coffee-rails'

# CORS
gem 'rack-cors', require: 'rack/cors'

# Use Unicorn as the app server
# gem 'unicorn'

gem 'bootstrap3-datetimepicker-rails', '~> 4.17.47'
gem 'momentjs-rails', '>= 2.9.0'

gem 'fcm'
gem 'apnotic'

gem 'aws-sdk', '~> 2'
gem 'dropzonejs-rails'
gem 'paperclip'
gem 'phonelib'
gem 'prawn'
gem 'prawn-table'
gem "daemons"
gem 'chartkick'
gem 'dentaku', '~> 3.3'

# error reporting
gem "rollbar"

# cron job
gem 'whenever'

# Event machine
gem "em-eventsource"

# Delayed job related gems
gem 'delayed_job_active_record'
gem "delayed_job_web"
gem 'kaminari'

gem 'stripe'
gem 'geocoder'

gem "signalwire"
gem 'http'

#shortened URLs
gem 'shortener'

gem 'rmagick'
gem 'jwt'
gem 'shoryuken'

gem 'omniauth-auth0', '~> 2.2'
gem 'omniauth-rails_csrf_protection', '~> 0.1'

group :development, :test do
  # Call 'byebug' anywhere in the code to stop execution and get a debugger console
  gem 'byebug'

  # An IRB alternative and runtime developer console (http://pryrepl.org)
  gem 'pry', '~> 0.10.3'
  # Fast debugging with Pry. (https://github.com/deivid-rodriguez/pry-byebug)
  gem 'pry-byebug'
  # Provides YARD and extended documentation support for Pry (https://github.com/pry/pry-doc)
  gem 'pry-doc'
  # Connect to Pry remotely (http://github.com/Mon-Ouie/pry-remote)
  gem 'pry-remote'
  # Walk the stack in a Pry session (https://github.com/pry/pry-stack_explorer)
  gem 'pry-stack_explorer'
  # A thin and fast web server (http://code.macournoyer.com/thin)
  gem 'thin'

  gem 'capistrano-npm'
  gem 'capistrano-rails'
  gem 'capistrano-rvm'
  gem 'capistrano3-puma'
  gem 'capistrano3-delayed-job', '~> 1.0'

  gem 'rspec-rails', '~> 3.8'
  gem 'database_cleaner'
  gem "factory_bot_rails"
  # fake data for tests
  gem 'faker'
end

group :development do
  # Access an IRB console on exception pages or by using <%= console %> in views
  gem 'web-console', '~> 2.0'

  gem 'tzinfo-data'
  # Spring speeds up development by keeping your application running in the background. Read more: https://github.com/rails/spring
  gem 'spring'
  gem 'spring-commands-rspec'

  gem 'rb-readline'
end

group :production do
  gem 'newrelic_rpm'
  gem 'rails_12factor'  # need for hcb
end

Answer 1

正如您最初描述的那样，我对这个问题感到惊讶，“我发现这个行为有点奇怪，因为rails版本超过3.1，所以在我看来，这个错误不应该存在。”我相信你，但我也觉得很奇怪。

但是，我在错误输出中看到了一些明显的问题。根据我的经验，当你有一个问题时，你不理解和发现另一个问题，你知道如何解决，修复你能解决的问题，或者在你遇到的问题上取得进展。

你有很多旋转-大于(~>)，这被称为邦德勒的悲观运算符。意思是“等于或大于，但仅等于除最后一个数字外的所有数字”。

rspec-rails (~> 3.8) was resolved to 3.9.1, which depends on
      actionpack (>= 3.0)

json_on_rails (~> 0.2.0) was resolved to 0.2.0, which depends on
      activerecord (~> 4.0)

pry-byebug was resolved to 3.7.0, which depends on
      byebug (~> 11.0)

json_on_rails (~> 0.2.0) was resolved to 0.2.0, which depends on
      mysql2 (~> 0.3)

您还遇到了一个问题，因为您正在使用chartkick版本，该版本依赖于更高级别的红宝石。

chartkick was resolved to 4.0.5, which depends on
      ruby (>= 2.6)

一种激进的方法是删除您的Gemfile.lock，执行一个bundle install，然后您应该有较少的错误。这些错误会使您在Gemfile中设置一个较旧的gem版本。

一种保守的方法是，如果您可以恢复您的Gemfile.lock，它在您更新rails之前就可以使用，而不是bundle install。

bundle update rspec-rails json_on_rails pry-byebug json_on_rails

更新Gemfile中的rails将迫使bundle update更新所有rails宝石，命令行中的gems列表将告诉bundler更新这些内容，但希望它不会更新任何不需要更新的内容(比如chartkick，它引入了ruby版本的一个问题)。

这将需要一些尝试和错误，但您应该能够修复一些错误消息。在这样做之后，看看是否还有dropzonejs-rails宝石，因为这个问题可能会消失。

好运，

Answer 2

您的bundler版本可以是更早的版本。您应该卸载bundler并重新安装bundler。

gem卸载bundler宝石安装绑定程序

如果这行不通的话。使用以下命令gem install :2.0.0.pre.3