如何使用Python中的regex从字符串中提取多个值？

Question

我需要解析一个字符串并将子字符串提取为一个变量。字符串是不一样的。实例和预期结果：

string 1 (no "NAME" pattern): "RB2 F 27/0/31 0/32, R8 28/31/120 2/0/2"
result 1 (save "as is"): "RB2 F 27/0/31 0/32, R8 28/31/120 2/0/2"

string 2 (comma separated "<key>:<value>" pairs): "TYPE :ABC,NAME: AB.DE,DESC:10/10/5:2,COMMENT: , ID:123"
result 2 (extracted comma separated "<key>=<value>" substrings): "TYPE=ABC","NAME=AB.DE","DESC=10/10/5:2","COMMENT=","ID=123"

string 3: "ID:123, NAME:CDE,DESC:10-10/5:2"
result 3: "ID=123","NAME:CDE","DESC=10-10/5:2"

使用"re.compile“和”拆分“，但找不到适合上述所有示例的正则表达式。

Answer 1

您可以使用下面的regex查找findall()的键值对。然后用=加入他们

([a-zA-Z ]+):(.*?)(?:,|$)

演示这里

样例程序

import re

inputs=["RB2 F 27/0/31 0/32, R8 28/31/120 2/0/2",
"TYPE :ABC,NAME: AB.DE,DESC:10/10/5:2,COMMENT: , ID:123",
"ID:123, NAME:CDE,DESC:10-10/5:2"]

output=[]
for line in inputs:
    output.append([a+'='+b for a,b in re.findall("([a-zA-Z ]+):(.*?)(?:,|$)",line)] or line)
    
print(output)

输出

[
 'RB2 F 27/0/31 0/32, R8 28/31/120 2/0/2',
 ['TYPE =ABC', 'NAME= AB.DE', 'DESC=10/10/5:2', 'COMMENT= ', ' ID=123'],
 ['ID=123', ' NAME=CDE', 'DESC=10-10/5:2']
]

Answer 2

如果可以假设键中没有“：”，则不需要正则表达式。

if ':' in string:
    string = string.replace(' ', '')
    string = string.split(',')
    for (i, word) in enumerate(string):
        string[i] = word.replace(':', '=', 1)