我有一个python脚本，它在Thonny IDE中工作得很好，但是在终端上失败了。

Question

首先，下面是代码：

#!/usr/bin/python3
import re, pexpect, os

file = '/home/homebridge/flags/Restart.flag'
f = open(file, 'w')
f.close()
os.system("sudo systemctl stop homebridge")
os.system("sudo chmod -R a+rwx /var/lib/homebridge")
child = pexpect.spawn('tuya-cli wizard')
child.expect('\r\n')
child.sendline('y')
child.expect('\r\n')
child.sendline('XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX')
data = child.read()
data = data.decode("utf-8")
devices = data.split('},')
devicesO = []
class device:
    name = ""
    ID = ""
    key = ""
    
    def __init__(self, name, ID, key):
        self.name = name
        self.ID = ID
        self.key = key
        
    def __lt__(self, other):
        return self.name < other.name

for i in devices:


    n = re.search("name: \'(.*)\'", str(i)).group(1)
    I = re.search("id: \'(.*)\'", str(i)).group(1)
    k = re.search("key: \'(.*)\'", str(i)).group(1)
    if n != ("Clock"):
        devicesO.append(device(n, I, k))

entries = []
devicesO.sort()
for device in devicesO:
    if "phone charger" not in device.name:
        s1 = "{\n\"name\": \"" + device.name + "\",\n\"id\": \"" + device.ID + "\",\n\"key\": \"" + device.key + "\","
        s2 = """
"type": "RGBTWLight",
"manufacturer": "SmartLife",
"model": "Light",
"dpPower": "20",
"dpMode": "21",
"dpBrightness": "22",
"dpColorTemperature": "23",
"dpColor": "24",
"colorFunction": "HSB",
"scaleBrightness": 1000
}"""
    else:
        s1 = "{\n\"name\": \"" + device.name + "\",\n\"id\": \"" + device.ID + "\",\n\"key\": \"" + device.key + "\","
        s2 = """
"type": "Outlet",
"manufacturer": "SmartLife",
"model": "Outlet",
"dpPower": "1"
}"""
    entries.append(s1 + s2)
string = ",\n".join([str(entry) for entry in entries])
config = open('/var/lib/homebridge/config.json', 'r+')
x = config.read()
config.close()
#print(x)
x = re.sub("\"TuyaLan\",\n.*\"devices\": \[((.|\n)*?)\]", "\"TuyaLan\",\n\"devices\": [\n" + string + "\n]", x)
#print(x)
#x = re.sub("\"TuyaLan\",\n.*\"devices\": \[((.|\n)*?)\]", "\"TuyaLan\",\n.*\"devices\": [\nTEST\n]", x)
config = open('/var/lib/homebridge/config.json', 'w+')
config.write(x)
config.close()
config = open('/var/lib/homebridge/config.json', 'r+')
print (config.read())
config.close()
os.remove(file)
os.system("sudo systemctl restart homebridge")

这按照IDE中的预期执行，停止主桥服务，从tuya实用程序、regex和文本替换中提取相关数据，所有这些都是这样。但是，当我尝试在没有sudo的终端中运行它时，第一个regex搜索返回一个空对象，脚本就失败了。当我使用sudo运行它时，它会暂停一段时间，然后在pexpect步骤开始时超时。我在发帖之前已经做过调查，但我不知道如何解决这个问题。这似乎不是路径问题，我使用pip3同时安装re和pexpect，os显然是与raspbian安装一起打包的。任何线索都会很好。没有sudo的错误：

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ /home/homebridge/scripts/updateConfig.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/homebridge/scripts/updateConfig.py", line 34, in <module>
    n = re.search("name: \'(.*)\'", str(i)).group(1)
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'group'

与sudo：

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo /home/homebridge/scripts/updateConfig.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/homebridge/scripts/updateConfig.py", line 10, in <module>
    child.expect('\r\n')
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/pexpect/spawnbase.py", line 344, in expect
    timeout, searchwindowsize, async_)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/pexpect/spawnbase.py", line 372, in expect_list
    return exp.expect_loop(timeout)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/pexpect/expect.py", line 181, in expect_loop
    return self.timeout(e)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/pexpect/expect.py", line 144, in timeout
    raise exc
pexpect.exceptions.TIMEOUT: Timeout exceeded.
<pexpect.pty_spawn.spawn object at 0x766c4510>
command: /usr/bin/tuya-cli
args: ['/usr/bin/tuya-cli', 'wizard']
buffer (last 100 chars): b'\x1b[32m?\x1b[39m \x1b[1mThe API key from tuya.com:\x1b[22m\x1b[0m \x1b[0m\x1b[29D\x1b[29C'
before (last 100 chars): b'\x1b[32m?\x1b[39m \x1b[1mThe API key from tuya.com:\x1b[22m\x1b[0m \x1b[0m\x1b[29D\x1b[29C'
after: <class 'pexpect.exceptions.TIMEOUT'>
match: None
match_index: None
exitstatus: None
flag_eof: False
pid: 1470
child_fd: 5
closed: False
timeout: 30
delimiter: <class 'pexpect.exceptions.EOF'>
logfile: None
logfile_read: None
logfile_send: None
maxread: 2000
ignorecase: False
searchwindowsize: None
delaybeforesend: 0.05
delayafterclose: 0.1
delayafterterminate: 0.1
searcher: searcher_re:
    0: re.compile(b'\r\n')

Answer 1

可能的简短答案：您的IDE可能会自动添加带有sendline的回车，这就是为什么您的代码在IDE中运行，而不是在终端运行。Sendline添加行提要(\n)，但不添加回车(\r)。您应该在每个sendline (例如，\r )之后添加一个child.sendline('XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX\r')来完成CRLF (\r\n)。

长篇解释：

根据您的代码，当您生成子程序时，您希望得到一个CRLF。然而，pexpect搜索并不贪婪，他们将在第一次遇到CRLF时停止搜索。不幸的是，当我测试您的代码时，pexpect在您输入的命令之后停止在CRLF，而不是之后的提示符：

child = pexpect.spawn('tuya-cli wizard')
child.expect('\r\n')
print(child.before)

输出

b" tuya-cli wizard"

您应该寻找提示符或消息，例如The API key from tuya.com:或Password:。

# tuya-cli wizard
The API key from tuya.com:
The API secret from tuya.com:
Provide a 'virtual ID' of a device currently registered in the app:

或

# sudo tuya-cli wizard
Password: 

但是，我认为这两个错误的发生都是因为您没有在sendline中包含回车(\r)。第一个错误发生的原因是，在提示符The API key from tuya.com:处，您发送了'y'，而不是'y\r'，所以在提示符处没有输入任何内容。然后您搜索CRLF，但是由于您没有包含\r，所以pexpect在b" tuya-cli wizard"之后找到了原始的CRLF。

expect调用实际上导致回车，但不幸的是，您的代码现在落后了一步，并且正在与前一个提示符进行交互，而不是与当前提示符交互。这就是为什么data = child.read()最终读取了错误的输出，导致了一个NoneType对象。

第二个错误发生是因为pexpect光标移动到The API key from tuya.com:提示符，寻找一个CRLF。由于它是提示符，所以它不会以CRLF结尾，所以pexpect搜索超时(那些\x1b转义序列只是用于格式化和颜色)：

pexpect.exceptions.TIMEOUT: Timeout exceeded.
args: ['/usr/bin/tuya-cli', 'wizard']
before (last 100 chars): b'\x1b[32m?\x1b[39m \x1b[1mThe API key from tuya.com:\x1b[22m\x1b[0m \x1b[0m\x1b[29D\x1b[29C'
searcher: searcher_re:
    0: re.compile(b'\r\n')

注意，在\r\n字节字符串中没有buffer或before字节字符串。

我会做这样的事情：

...
while True:
    index = child.expect(
        ["Password:", "The API key from tuya.com:", pexpect.TIMEOUT, pexpect.EOF, ])
    if index == 0:
        password = getpass()  # You will need 'from getpass import getpass'
        child.sendline(password)  # CR's are usually not needed with variables
    elif index == 1:
        # This is what you want
        child.sendline("XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX\r")
        break
    elif index == 2:
        raise RuntimeError("Search string not found.")
    elif index ==3:
        raise RuntimeError("Child closed.")

child.expect("The API secret from tuya.com:")
child.sendline("XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX\r")
...

祝你的密码好运！