如何在Mac上设置Visual代码，以便在生成期间链接多个文件？

Question

我正在学习一个C++，intro类，我们现在开始为OOP实现数据抽象。我需要将类定义隐藏在一个单独的.cpp文件中，并使用一个头文件。到目前为止，我一直在使用Macbook pro中的VSCode中的默认设置来创建单个文件程序，所以我决定创建一个测试程序，以确保在创建整个项目之前编译、包含和链接都能正常工作，但是现在当我试图构建程序时，我收到了一个错误。几天来，我一直试图用潜在的解决办法来解决这个问题，但没有成功。我希望这里有人能把我引向正确的方向。

我已经包含了3个测试文件(test.cpp、test.h和testImp.cpp)、c_cpp_properties.json、launch.json、settings.json和task.json文件的内容以及错误消息的内容。

任何帮助设置VSCode完成，包括头文件将非常感谢，因为我将有更多的项目与这一要求。

谢谢你詹姆斯。

test.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "test.h"

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    cout << testCalculation(5, 7) << endl;
    cout << endl;
    return 0;
}

test.h

#ifndef test_h
#define test_h

int testCalculation(int, int);

#endif /* test_h */

testImp.cpp

#include "test.h"

int testCalculation(int x, int y) {
int sum = int();
    sum = x + y;
    return sum;
};

c_cpp_properties.json

    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Mac",
            "includePath": [
                "${default}",
                "${workspaceFolder}/**"
            ],
            "compilerPath": "/usr/bin/g++",
            "cStandard": "c17",
            "cppStandard": "c++11",
            "intelliSenseMode": "${default}"
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}

launch.json

{
    // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
    // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
    // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "g++ - Build and debug active file",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${fileDirname}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": false,
            "MIMode": "lldb",
            "preLaunchTask": "C/C++: g++ build active file"
        }
    ]
}

setting.json

{
    "files.associations": {
        "iostream": "cpp"
    }
}

task.json

{
    "tasks": [
        {
            "type": "cppbuild",
            "label": "C/C++: g++ build active file",
            "command": "/usr/bin/g++",
            "args": [
                "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
                "-g",
                "${file}",
                "-o",
                "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}"
            ],
            "options": {
                "cwd": "${fileDirname}"
            },
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            },
            "detail": "Task generated by Debugger."
        }
    ],
    "version": "2.0.0"
}

错误

Starting build...
/usr/bin/g++ -fdiagnostics-color=always -g /Users/jamesreal/cpp/cs-2/project-1/test.cpp -o /Users/jamesreal/cpp/cs-2/project-1/test
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
  "testCalculation(int, int)", referenced from:
      _main in test-5cbf98.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64

clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)

Answer 1

-1.兄弟。

您的配置文件是要构建、编译和调试的Only one file，而不是需要的multiple sources files'。

0.第一见

首先，你把"settings.json“命名为”setting.json“是错误的；

此外，将"tasks.json“命名为"task.json”也是错误的。

1.你的计划

正如您的项目体系结构test所显示的，

test

|

|_.vscode

|     |__c_cpp_properties.json

|     |__launch.json

|     |__settings.json

|     |__tasks.json

|__test.cpp

|__test.h

|__testImp.cpp

3.解决办法：

设置多个源文件的三种方法

VSCode。

一种是将终端命令写到"settings.json“和

tasks.json+ "launch.json“+ "c_cpp_properties.json"；

两种方法是通过make编写“make”文件；

三是通过CMake编写“CMake”来实现这一点。

现在，我只分享第一个解决方案。

4.我在mac上使用VSCode的工作区环境

我只使用Clang9.0.0编译，Code Runner v0.11.6编译

运行程序，CodeLLDB v1.4.5进行调试，C/C++ Clang Command Adopter

v0.2.4(VSCode Extension)在mac上提供VSCode的静态检测。

也许您使用cpptools(cpptools用于调试，这个CPPtools )

和CodeLLDB的冲突。)，那不重要，只要改变

"launch.json“中从"lldb”到"cppdbg“的"type”。

5.我的解决办法

这是一个关于同一个文件夹下的多个源文件要在mac上使用VSCode编译和调试的问题。

我总是首先配置settings.json。这表明：

"settings.json"，小心"code-runner.executorMap“。

注意事项:这里是"settings.json“。不是“setting.json”！

{
    "files.defaultLanguage": "c++",
    "editor.suggest.snippetsPreventQuickSuggestions": false,
    "editor.acceptSuggestionOnEnter": "off",
    "code-runner.runInTerminal": true,
    "code-runner.executorMap": {
    // 3.Mutiple sourece C/C++ files under same folder build, compile, debug...
    // if put main.o and debug folder into the current directory "./"
    "c": "cd $dir && clang -std=c11 -stdlib=libc++  $dir/*.c  -o $dir/$fileNameWithoutExt && $dir/$fileNameWithoutExt", // Have changed
    "cpp": "cd $dir && clang++ -std=c++11 -stdlib=libc++  $dir/*.cpp -o $dir/$fileNameWithoutExt && $dir/$fileNameWithoutExt" // Have changed
    },
    "code-runner.saveFileBeforeRun": true,
    "code-runner.preserveFocus": false,
    "code-runner.clearPreviousOutput": false,
    "code-runner.ignoreSelection": true,
    "C_Cpp.clang_format_sortIncludes": true,
    "editor.formatOnType": true,
    "clang.cxxflags": [
        "-std=c++11"
    ],
    "clang.cflags": [
        "-std=c11"
    ],
    "C_Cpp.updateChannel": "Insiders",
    "[makefile]": {
        "editor.insertSpaces": true
    },
    "C_Cpp.default.includePath": [
        "${workspaceFolder}"
    ],
    "clang.completion.enable": true
}

如果使用gcc/g++，只需将clang/clang++更改为那些。

如果这行代码需要更改或函数，我将添加注释

"// Have changed“。只是注意到那行代码！请!

"tasks.json"：你知道，那是“tasks.json”！不是"task.json“。

{
  "version": "2.0.0",
  "tasks": [
    {
      "type": "shell",
      "label": "Compile With clang++",
      //"command": "clang++",/usr/bin/clang++
      "command": "/usr/bin/clang++",
      "args": [
        "-std=c++11",
        "-stdlib=libc++",
        // My project fitBodyBootCamp were under 
        // /Users/marryme/VSCode/CppProject/fitBodyBootCamp
        // So ${workspcaeFolder} also were
        // /Users/marryme/VSCode/CppProject/fitBodyBootCamp
        // all the *.cpp files were under
        // /Users/marryme/VSCode/CppProject/fitBodyBootCamp
        "${workspaceFolder}/*.cpp", // Have changed
        "-o",
        // Thanks those chiense website bloggers!
        // 1.mac vscode compile c++ multi-directory code demo
        // https://blog.csdn.net/fangfengzhen115/article/details/121496770?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2~default~baidujs_baidulandingword~default-4.pc_relevant_default&spm=1001.2101.3001.4242.3&utm_relevant_index=7
        // 2.Compile and debug c++ multi-folder project under VSCode (non-makefile)
        // https://blog.csdn.net/BaiRuichang/article/details/106463035
        // I also put the main.o under my current workspace directory
        // This after "-o"  is the target file test.o or test.out or test
        "${workspaceFolder}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}", // Have changed
        "-I",
        // This after "-I" if the include files directory
        "${workspaceFolder}", // Have changed
        "-Wall",
        "-g"
      ],
      "options": {
        // "cwd" is the source files directory
        "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}" // Have changed
      },
      "group": {
        "kind": "build",
        "isDefault": true
      }
    }
  ]
}

"launch.json"：

{
  // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
  // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
  // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
  "version": "0.2.0",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "name": "Debug With LLDB",
      "type": "lldb",
      "request": "launch",
      // "program" is the target file diretory
      "program": "${workspaceFolder}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}", // Have changed
      "args": [],
      "stopAtEntry": true,
      //"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/../build",// Have changed
      //"cwd": "${fileDirName}", ${workspaceFolder}/../build
      // Changes the current working directory directive ("cwd") to the folder
      // where main.cpp is.
      // This "cwd" is the same as "cwd" in the tasks.json 
      // That's the source files directory
      "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}", // Have changed
      "environment": [],
      "externalConsole": false,
      "preLaunchTask": "Compile With clang++"
    }
  ]
}

现在，"c_cpp_properties.json“

{
  "configurations": [
    {
      "name": "Mac",
      "includePath": [
        // This is the include files directory
        "${workspaceFolder}/**", // Have Change
        "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/include",
        "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/lib/clang/9.0.0/include",
        "/usr/local/include",
        "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/include/c++/v1",
        "/usr/include"
      ],
      "defines": [],
      "macFrameworkPath": [
        "/System/Library/Frameworks",
        "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks",
        "/Library/Frameworks"
      ],
      "compilerPath": "/usr/bin/clang",
      "cStandard": "c11",
      "cppStandard": "c++11",
      "intelliSenseMode": "clang-x64"
    }
  ],
  "version": 4
}

告示：

您只需要修改Include path设置，如果程序包括

不在工作区或标准库路径中的头文件。

特别是："includePath": [ "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/lib/clang/9.0.0/include"]。

如果分隔命令行工具的Clang版本为9.0.0，请复制此程序

直接了当。

如果没有，只需使用以下命令签出分隔的Clang版本

命令行工具：

cd /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/lib/clang/ && ls

可能是这样的：9.0.0、9.1.0、10.0.0或X。

分隔命令行工具的Clang版本是9.0.0，或9.0.1或

10.0.0或X.X.X.只需替换我的9.0.0。

如果您没有单独的命令行工具，只需安装分开的命令

根据您的macOS系统的不同，您的Mac的行工具。

我将通过添加文件添加这5个文件。

结束。

最后，

如果需要构建分离的多个源文件，

那种建筑就像：

fitBody

|

|_.vscode

|     |__c_cpp_properties.json

|     |__launch.json

|     |__settings.json

|     |__tasks.json

|__build

|__inc

|     |__fitbody.h

|__src

     |__fitbody.cpp
 
     |__main.cpp

请参考手动分离多个CXX VScode(mac)从GitHub吉斯特。

或者，引用来自GitHub的GitHub(Mac)。